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EC number: 229-146-5 | CAS number: 6419-19-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1995-10-18 to 1995-10-20
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Test procedure in accordance with national standard methods (based on ISO guideline) with acceptable restrictions. No data on GLP or analytical monitoring available. The test was conducted in a reputable and established laboratory according to an appropriate guideline, on the basis of this we can assign a reliability of 2 since no deviations from the guideline are stated even though the data presented is from a summary report only.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: draft method ISO/CD 14669
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Brixham Environmental Laboratory SOP BA207:03.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Acartia tonsa
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Acartia
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 24.5 (+/-3) days - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- Not reported, assumed to meet guideline criteria.
- Test temperature:
- 20 deg C (+/- 1)
- pH:
- Not reported, assumed to meet guideline criteria.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported, assumed to meet guideline criteria.
- Salinity:
- Not reported, assumed to meet guideline criteria.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations were 56, 100, 180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg/l (as test substance).
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5, dichlorophenol
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 94 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: (95% CL 74.5-115)
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: 5%
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not reported, assumed to meet guideline criteria.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- not enough data to validate, assumed to meet guideline criteria.
- Conclusions:
- A 48 h LC50 value of 94 mg/L (as active acid) has been determined for the effects of the test substance on mortality of the marine invertebrate Acartia tonsa.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- The study was conducted according to an appropriate national standard method but full details are not available. It was not conducted under GLP and no analytical monitoring was carried out.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: In house protocol: MIC Environmental Assessment Method for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests with Daphnia magna (see note below)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: US EPA (1975) Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians. EPA 660/3-75-009.
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The In house protocol references Grueber and Adams (1980)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: For each test concentration the appropriate amount of the test compound was pipetted into 1L of dilution water and shaken vigorously for 1 min. The solution was then divided into 2 200 ml aliquots in triplicate beakers to provide the appropriate replication. The remaining 400 ml were used for 0 h DO, pH, alkalinity and hardness determinations.
- Controls: Just dilution water. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: The daphnids used in the test were obtained from a laboratory culture at the MIC laboratory.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): <24 h
- Method of breeding: according to lab SOP
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not reported
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): not reported
- Type and amount of food: Daphnia were fed a mixture of Purina trout chow and alfalfa daily.
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): not reported - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- The alkalinity ranged from 236 to 304 mg/L and 250 to 300 mg/L in the low and high test concentration vessels respectively.
- Test temperature:
- Average temperature of 21.2 degrees C.
- pH:
- The pH in the control medium ranged between 7.2-8.4. The pH in the test media ranged between 2.0 and 8.2.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- The dissolved concentrations for the treatments were not reported due to measurement interference from the test materials. However, DO on the control water ranged from 6.2-9.4 mg/L. DO was measured by the Winkler titration method.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations were 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/l as active acid
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: beaker
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 ml beakers containing 200 ml of test medium.
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: well water from St. Peters, Missouri.
- Alkalinity: 303 mg/L CaCO3, hardness 297 mg/L CaCO3
- Culture medium different from test medium: not reported
- Intervals of water quality measurement: DO, pH, alkalinity, hardness and temperature of test solutions were monitored at the initiation (control only) and termination of the test in the high, middle and low concentrations.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: not reported
- Light intensity: not reported
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : immobility at 0, 24 and 48 h.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: not reported
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: EC50 833 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 125 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 297 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 262-342
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 545 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobility
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: 0%
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC50 values and 95% confidence intervals calculated using an LC50 computer programme developed by Stephen et al (1978).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- no
- Remarks:
- pH very low at the highest concentrations tested. However the reported EC50 value is high enough to determine toxicity that the test substance is of low intrinsic toxicity.
- Conclusions:
- A 48 h EC50 value of 297 mg active acid/L has been determined for the effects of ATMP acid on the immobility of the freshwater flea D. magna. The results should be treated with caution since the authors report that the mortalities seen are an effect of the pH of the test medium, rather than a reflection of true toxicity.
Referenceopen allclose all
Result expressed as nominal concentration. Properties of the test substance and evidence from other studies (where concentrations were
measured) indicate that nominal and
measured concentrations are likely to be in good agreement.
Percentage mortality at each test concentration at the end of the test (48 hours):
Table 1. Results
Nominal conc. (mg/L) | % mortality |
|
24 h | 48 h | |
3,5 Dichlorophenol (1 mg/L) | 40 | 100 |
Control | 0 | 5 |
56 | 0 | 5 |
100 | 0 | 20 |
180 | 0 | 10 |
320 | 100 | 100 |
560 | 100 | 100 |
1000 | 100 | 100 |
24 LC-50 (95% confidence intervals): 240 (180-320) mg/L as test
substance. Equivalent to 120 mg active acid/L.
Table 1. Summary of findings (average).
Nominal concentrations (mg/L) | Percent immobilisation | |
24 h | 48 h | |
Control | 0 | 0 |
125 | 0 | 6.7 |
250 | 0 | 13.3 |
500 | 40 | 60 |
1000 | 100 | 100 |
2000 | 100 | 100 |
Result expressed as nominal concentration. Properties of the test substance and evidence from other studies (where concentrations were
measured) indicate that nominal and
measured concentrations are likely to be in good agreement.
The pH data suggest that the acidity of the higher concentration test solutions is likely to have contributed to the effects observed in the test.
Description of key information
A 48-hour EC50 value of 297 mg active acid/L has been determined for the effects of ATMP-H on mobility of the freshwater flea Daphnia magna.
A 48-hour LC50 value of 94 mg active acid/L has been determined for the effects of ATMP-H on mortality of the marine invertebrate Acartia tonsa.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 297 mg/L
Marine water invertebrates
Marine water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 94 mg/L
Additional information
- ATMP is present as ATMP-H or one of its ionised forms. The degree of ionisation depends upon the pH of the media and not whether ATMP (3-5K) salt, ATMP (3-5Na) salt, ATMP-H (acid form), or another salt was used for dosing.
- Disassociated potassium, sodium or ammonium cations. The amount of potassium or sodium present depends on which salt was dosed.
- It should also be noted that divalent and trivalent cations would preferentially replace the sodium or potassium ions. These would include calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and iron (Fe3+). These cations are more strongly bound by ATMP than potassium, sodium and ammonium. This could result in ATMP-dication (e.g. ATMP-Ca, ATMP-Mg) and ATMP-trication (e.g. ATMP-Fe) complexes being present in solution.
Several studies are available for the short-term toxicity of ATMP to aquatic invertebrates
In a reliable, 48-hour exposure to Daphnia magna, an EC50 value of 297 mg active acid/L was determined for the effects of ATMP-H on mobility (Monsanto, 1981). This study reflects the lowest freshwater values that are available for this endpoint. The pH of the test media ranged between 2.0 and 8.2 and so the mortalities observed could be an effect of the pH of the test medium, rather than a reflection of true toxicity. Therefore, these results should be treated with caution as they may overestimate the toxicity of the test substance. However, aquatic invertebrates are not the most sensitive trophic level and these values are not used for Classification and Labelling, or PNEC derivation. Also, as these results are likely to overestimate toxicity, it is considered more conservative to use these values than higher values.
A reliable study reports a 48-hour LC50 value of 94 mg active acid/L for the mortality of the marine invertebrate, Acartia tonsa (Zeneca, 1995a). This value represents the lowest value available for the marine compartment for this endpoint.
Several other supporting studies are available.
Henkel (1972) reports a 24-hour EC50 value of 375mg/L for the toxicity of ATMP-H to the mobility of Daphnia magna however, little information on the study methodology was reported and so the study was assigned a Reliability score of 4.
A 48-hour EC50 value of 833 mg active acid/L has been reported for the effects of ATMP-H to the mobility of Daphnia magna however, the documentation was insufficient for a reliability assessment and the study was assigned Reliability 4 accordingly (Monsanto, 1976a).
A 48-hour EC50 value of 883 mg active acid/L was reported for the effects of ATMP-H on the mobility of Daphnia magna. Documentation was insufficient for a reliability assessment and so the study was assigned a Reliability score of 4 (Monsanto, 1976b).
Three reliable studies have been conducted by EG&G, reporting EC50 values of (48h) 4574, (48h) 11400 and (96h) 201 mg/L for the effects of ATMP-H on Palaemonetes pugio, Chironomus tentans and Crassostrea sp., respectively (EG&G 1976a, 1976b and 1977, respectively).
A review article reported a 24-hour EC0 of 300 mg/L for the effects of ATMP-H on the mobility of Daphnia magna however, the documentation of the methodology was not sufficient and the study was assigned a Reliability score of 4 (Schoberl & Huber, 1988).
Lastly, a 48-hour LC50value of >291 mg active acid/L was reported for the effects of ATMP-5Na on the mortality of Acartia tonsa (TNO, 1997).
The acid, sodium, potassium and ammonium salts in the ATMP category are freely soluble in water. The ATMP anion can be considered fully dissociated from its sodium, potassium or ammonium cations when in dilute solution. Under any given conditions, the degree of ionisation of the ATMP species is determined by the pH of the solution. At a specific pH, the degree of ionisation is the same regardless of whether the starting material was ATMP-H, ATMP.4Na, ATMP.7K or another salt of ATMP.
Therefore, when a salt of ATMP is introduced into test media or the environment, the following is present (separately):
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