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EC number: 203-742-5 | CAS number: 110-16-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: well documented study, a reliability of 2 is assigned
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Nonmutagenicity of maleic acid and its sodium salts in Salmonella assays
- Author:
- Lake RS, DeVito GL, Szot RJ, Schwartz E
- Year:
- 1 988
- Bibliographic source:
- Mutation Research 207: 1-5
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- According to Ames et al. (1975, revised 1981) and Maron et al. (1983).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Maleic acid
- EC Number:
- 203-742-5
- EC Name:
- Maleic acid
- Cas Number:
- 110-16-7
- Molecular formula:
- C4H4O4
- IUPAC Name:
- but-2-enedioic acid
- Details on test material:
- Maleic acid, from EM Sciences, Darmstadt, no data on purity
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- his-
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor-1254-induced male rat liver S9 mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0 - 7500 µg/plate (4 dose groups)
- Vehicle / solvent:
- nutrient broth
Controls
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: see below
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3
POSITIVE CONTROLS:
TA 1535 NaAz 5.00 µg/p1ate - S9, 2-AA 2.5 µg/plate + S9;
TAI00 NaAz 5.00 µg/plate - S9, 2-AA 2.5 µg/pIate +S9;
TA 1537 NaAz 75.00 µg/plate -S9, 2-AA 2.5 µg/plate +S9;
TA1538 2-NF 5.00 µg/plate -S9, 2-AA 2.5 µg/plate +S9;
TA98 2-NF 5.00 µg/plate - S9, 2-AA 2.5 µg/pIate + S9
- Statistics:
- Treatment-related effects and dose-response trends were calculated using the statistical model of Snee and Irr (1984).
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- other: Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: > 7500 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Maleic acid dose levels above 7.5 mg/plate were highly cytotoxic; at doses as high as 7.5 mg/plate, initial pH was as low as 2.4; according to the authors, no dose-related or statistically significant changes were observed.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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