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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 234-576-1 | CAS number: 12012-35-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Read-across to chromium(III) oxide. The release of chromium from chromium carbide is very similar to the release from chromium metal and chromium(III) oxide and therefore the results obtained with these substances can readily be used in the assessment of trichromium dicarbide. Acceptable, well-documented publication which meets basic scientific principles
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Physico-chemical fate of chromium compounds in the sheep lung model
- Author:
- Perrault G, Dufresne A, Strati G, McNeil M, Michaud D, Baril M, Bégin R, Labbé J, Larivière P, Eeckhaoudt S and Van Grieken R.
- Year:
- 1 995
- Bibliographic source:
- J Toxicol Environ Health 44, 247-262
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- distribution
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test substance was instilled into the tracheal lobe of sheep. The fate of the test substance was followed by analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage samples collected at days 2, 3, 5 and 30 after instillation, and by analysing lung samples prepared at day 31 after sacrifice.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- chromic oxide
- IUPAC Name:
- chromic oxide
- Details on test material:
- Chromic oxide Cr2O3
Obtained from Fluka Chimika, Switzerland.
No data on purity or other details.
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- sheep
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: no data
- Age at study initiation: 1 year
- Weight at study initiation: 25-45 kg
- Fasting period before study: no data
- Housing: animal care facility of CHUS (no abbreviation key given)
- Individual metabolism cages: yes/no: no data
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): hay and multigrain feeding given once a day
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): yes (except on the day of examination)
- Acclimation period: no data
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): no data
- Humidity (%): no data
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): no data
IN-LIFE DATES: no
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intratracheal
- Vehicle:
- other: phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4
- Details on exposure:
- Chromium oxide in PBS was instilled via bronchoscopic catherization of the tracheal lobe bronchus and slow infusion of the suspensio in the lobe.
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Single instillation
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
100 mg chromium oxide in 100 ml PBS
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- 5 animals (no data on sex)
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control reference chemical:
- No real positive controls, but other groups exposed to lead chromate, chromium sulphate and chromium trioxide.
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: no data
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY (Absorption, distribution, excretion)
- Tissues and body fluids sampled : bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung samples
- Time and frequency of sampling: BAL samples taken at days 2, 3, 5, and 30. Lung specimens collected at day 31. - Statistics:
- Data from BAL and lung samples were log-transformed to stabilize the variance and to obtain a more symmetric distribution. A value of half the limit of detection was used for nondetected results.
Analysis of variance was used to compare the exposure groups with respect to particle concentration levels and particle size distribution.
Results and discussion
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- The geometric means of the concentrations of Cr2O3 in BAL samples and lung samples are presented in table 1.
The clearance pattern observed is typical for insoluble particles cleared in the BAL. The clearance half-life could be approximated at about 11 days.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1 | ||||
BAL AND LUNG SAMPLE CONCENTRATIONS | ||||
IN SHEEP AFTER INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION | ||||
OF CHROMIC OXIDE (Cr2O3) | ||||
BAL samples | concentration* | |||
day 2 | 30.2 (1.9) | |||
day 3 | 51.3 (1.5) | |||
day 5 | 35.5 (2.2) | |||
day 30 | 8.32 (1.9) | |||
Lung samples | ||||
day 31 | 0.23 (5.0) | |||
* geometric means (and geometric standard deviations) | ||||
number of particles x 10-5per ml BAL or gram of dry lung |
The transmission electron microscope analysis and the surface composition and valency analyses indicated that the size of chromium oxide particles remained unchanged over the 30 days, and the state of oxidation did not show any measurable changes.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): no bioaccumulation potential based on study results
Bronchoalveolar lavage samples of sheep given chromic oxide intratracheally, showed that the half-time of elimination is about 11 days for this substance. The transmission electron microscope analysis and the surface composition and valency analyses indicated that the size of chromium oxide particles remained unchanged over the 30 days, and the state of oxidation did not show any measurable changes. - Executive summary:
Bronchoalveolar lavage samples of sheep given chromic oxide intratracheally, showed that the half-time of lung elimination is about 11 days for this substance. The transmission electron microscope analysis and the surface composition and valency analyses indicated that the size of chromium oxide particles remained unchanged over the 30 days, and the state of oxidation did not show any measurable changes.
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