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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 204-428-0 | CAS number: 120-82-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Remarks:
- Original reference not available.
- Justification for type of information:
- Due to insufficient reporting of the experimental details, this study was rated with a Klimisch score of 4 (‘not assignable’). As none of the available studies can serve as a key study with a sufficiently detailed reporting justifying a Klimisch score of 1 or 2 for the given endpoint, several independent sources were used in a weight of evidence approach. ‘Using weight of evidence implies that no single study of sufficient quality and reliability exists, and that information from several independent sources is required to be able to reach a conclusion on a particular property of the substance.' (guidance document How to prepare registration and PPORD dossiers, p. 87)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 04.04.1984
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 7.69 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Oikari (1992)
The toxicity of the test substance to Daphnia magna was assessed after an exposure time of 48h.
LC50 (48h): 7.69 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1995
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Remarks:
- GLP-Guideline study. Basic data given.
- Justification for type of information:
- Due to insufficient reporting of the experimental details, this study was rated with a Klimisch score of 4 (‘not assignable’). As none of the available studies can serve as a key study with a sufficiently detailed reporting justifying a Klimisch score of 1 or 2 for the given endpoint, several independent sources were used in a weight of evidence approach. ‘Using weight of evidence implies that no single study of sufficient quality and reliability exists, and that information from several independent sources is required to be able to reach a conclusion on a particular property of the substance.' (guidance document How to prepare registration and PPORD dossiers, p. 87)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.4 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- The documentation is not sufficient enough to determine the validity criteria.
- Conclusions:
- The found EC50 after 96 hours was 1.4 mg/l.
- Executive summary:
National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Japan (2009).
In 1995 the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) of Japan tested the acute toxicity of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene to Daphnia magna. The test was conducted according to OECD TG 202 and OECD-GLP standard and is considered to be valid. The found EC50 after 96 hours was 1.4 mg/l.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
In order to fulfill the data requirements a weight of evidence (WoE) approach (REACh Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, Annex XI Section 1.2) was chosen. This approach is a possible adaptation to the standard information requirements which ‘should be undertaken to maximise the use of existing data and minimise the commissioning of new in vivo testing’ (ECHA Guidance R.7a, 2017, p. 364). The WoE approach serves to reduce or avoid animal testing, which should only be performed as last resort (REACh, article 25). The individual study reports were conducted in accordance with standardized guidelines. The study reports nevertheless show some deficiencies with respect to the comprehensiveness of the presented experimental details. Therefore, a reliability of 1 or 2 and thus adequacy as key study was not assignable for any of the individual studies. Consequently, the studies were assigned a Klimisch score of 4 (according to guidance document R.4, ‘not assignable: studies or data […] which do not give sufficient experimental details […]). Collectively, these experimental studies can be used to conclude on this endpoint and to satisfy the information requirement.
National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Japan (2009)
In 1995 the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) of Japan tested the acute toxicity of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene to Daphnia magna. The test was conducted according to OECD TG 202 and OECD-GLP standard and is considered to be valid. The found EC50 after 96 hours was 1.4 mg/l.
Oikari (1992)
The toxicity of the test substance to Daphnia magna was assessed after an exposure time of 48h.
LC50 (48h): 7.69 mg/L.
EU Risk Assessment (2003):
The reported EC50 values assessed in different test species dervied after 48-96h range between 0.45 mg/l (Clark et al., 1987) and 3.39 mg/l (Holcombe et al., 1987).
Several studies have been performed. Most studies have not considered the problems with evaporation and in most studies concentrations have not been measured during the study. Results from such studies are not regarded valid and not presented below.
In a study by Hermens et al. (1984), the acute toxicity to Daphnia magna was an EC50-48h of 2.68 mg/l. The results are not corrected for the measured concentrations. Assuming the average concentration to be the same as in an identical experiment by Hermens et al. (1985), the acute EC50-48h in this study was 1.55 mg/l. The geometric mean of the accepted studies on Daphnia magna is an EC50 (48 h) of 2.1 mg/l.
BUA report (1987):
The reported EC50 values for 24 h lasting tests differ in a wide range between 1.2 mg/l (Knie et al., 1983) and 110 mg/l (LeBlanc, 1980). In contrast EC50 values for 48 h lasting tests are closer, ranging between 1.7 mg/l (Richter et al., 1983) and 50.2 mg/l (Buikema and Benfield, 1980).
Conclusion
The EC50/LC50 values obtained from these studies are in the same order of magnitude.
48h-EC50: 1.4 - 50.2 mg/L
The most conservative EC50 of 1.4 mg/l (NITE, 2009) was obtained after 48h.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 1.4 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.