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EC number: 229-208-1 | CAS number: 6428-31-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 994
- Report date:
- 1994
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- mammalian cell gene mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Disodium 4-amino-3,6-bis[[4-[(2,4-diaminophenyl)azo]phenyl]azo]-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonate
- EC Number:
- 229-208-1
- EC Name:
- Disodium 4-amino-3,6-bis[[4-[(2,4-diaminophenyl)azo]phenyl]azo]-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonate
- Cas Number:
- 6428-31-5
- Molecular formula:
- C34H29N13O7S2.2Na
- IUPAC Name:
- disodium 4-amino-3,6-bis({4-[(2,4-diaminophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl)-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Chinese Hamster ceU line V79, clone 65/3, Dr. D. Wild, Freiburg, Germany
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- no data
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- In the preliminary toxicity test with and without metabolic activation 12 concentrations of the tested substance were tested. The concentrations selected ranged from 0.24 to 500.0 µg/ml and separated by 2-fold intervals.
In the part with metabolic activation the highest concentration produced an acute growth inhibition of 62.70%. In the part without metabolic activationthe substance exerted a complete growth inhibitory effect at the highest concentration of 500.0 µg/ml. The next lower concentrationsof 250.0 and 125.0 µg/ml revealed an acute growth inhibitory effect of 98.46 and 72.56% respectively.
Accordingly, four concentrations were selected for the original experiment ranging from 18.52 to 500.0 µg/ml and from 4.63 to 125.0 µg/ml in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, respectively.
In the part with metabolic activation, the growth inhibition determined after treatment at the highest concentration of 500.0 µg/ml showed a mean value of 6.91%. After expression growth was inhibited by 13.51%.
In the absence of metabolic activation no significant growth inhibitory effect was seen after treatment and expression.
The highest concentration of 500.0 µg/ml tested in the original experiment with activation was determined to be the highest suitable concentration due to solubility limitations in the vehicle. Therefore the same concentration range was tested in the respective confirmatory experiment, although no severe toxiticy was reached. In the part without metabolic activation a concentration range of 9.26 to 250.0 µg/ml was selected for the confirmatory experiment in order to reach a more pronounced toxicity at the highest concentration. In the presence of metabolic activation no significant acute cytotoxicity was obtained at the highest concentration. After expression growth was inhibited by 9.54%.
In the part without activation, the mean growth inhibition at the highest concentration of 250.0 µg/ml was 27.91% in spite of the increased concentration. - Vehicle / solvent:
- No data
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- not specified
- Evaluation criteria:
- Cytotoxicity is determined my measuring the relative cloning efficiency (survival) of the cultures after the treatment period.
Mutant frequency is determined by seeding known numbers of cells in medium containing the selective agent to detect mutant cells, and in medium without selective agent to determine the cloning efficiency (viability).
After the incubation time, colonies are counted. The mutant frequency is derived from the number of mutant colonies in selective medium and the number of colonies in non-selective medium. - Statistics:
- No data
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results:
negative without metabolic activation
negative with metabolic activation
Based on the results of the performed experiments and under the given experimental conditions, it is concluded that the tested substance and its metabolites did not show any mutagenic activity in this forward mutation system. - Executive summary:
Direct Black 19 was tested for mutagenicity, in details for the evalutation of properties to induce gene mutations.
The mutagenicity studies were conducted following OECD 476, gene mutation test with Chinese Hamster cell V79.
The studies were performed in the absence and in the presence of metabolic activation. A dose range with different doses was used. The tested substance shows no mutagenic activity.
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