benzovindiflupyr (ISO); N-[9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2009-11-10 to 2010-07-22

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: - fully guideline compliant (OECD 410) - GLP compliant

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Report date:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 410 (Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-Day Study)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.9 (Repeated Dose (28 Days) Toxicity (Dermal))

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.3200 (Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity -21/28 Days)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

N-[11-(dichloromethylidene)tricyclo[6.2.1.0²,⁷]undeca-2,4,6-trien-3-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide

EC Number:

691-719-4

Cas Number:

1072957-71-1

Molecular formula:

C18H15Cl2F2N3O

IUPAC Name:

N-[11-(dichloromethylidene)tricyclo[6.2.1.0²,⁷]undeca-2,4,6-trien-3-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): SYN545192
- Physical state: solid, powder, color: beige
- Analytical purity: 97.0 %
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): not reported
- Lot/batch No.: SMU9BP005
- Expiration date of the lot/batch = retest date: End of Feb 2013
- Stability under test conditions: Stable under storage condition.
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature (20 ± 5 °C) in the original container away from direct sunlight.
- Other:
Safety precautions: Routine hygienic procedures (gloves, goggles, face mask).

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Strain description: RccHan: WIST(SPF)
- Source: Harlan Laboratories B.V., Kreuzelweg 53, 5961 NM Horst / Netherlands
- Age at study initiation: wks
- Weight at study initiation: Males: 204.5 to 242.0 g (mean: 217.4 g), Females: 154.4 to 181.2 g (mean: 167.8 g)
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: Individually in Makrolon type-3 cages with wire mesh tops and standard softwood bedding (‘Lignocel’ J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH & Co. KG, 73494 Rosenberg / Germany, imported by Provimi Kliba SA, 4303 Kaiseraugst / Switzerland).
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Pelleted standard Kliba Nafag 3433 rodent maintenance diet, batch no. 50/09 (Provimi Kliba SA, 4303 Kaiseraugst / Switzerland) was available ad libitum. Results of respective analyses for contaminants are included in the appendix of the study report
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Community tap-water from Itingen was available ad libitum in water bottles. Results of bacteriological assay, chemical and contaminant analyses of respective samples are included in the appendix of the study report
- Acclimation period: 6 d


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 3
- Humidity (%): 30 - 70
- Air changes (per hr): Air-conditioned with 10 - 15 air changes per hour,
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12


IN-LIFE DATES: From: Administration / treatment: 16 Nov 2009 to 14/15 Dec 2009 To: Termination (necropsy): 14/15 Dec 2009

Administration / exposure

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Vehicle:

CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose)

Details on exposure:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: clipped intact skin of the back (closely clipped as necessary,but at least once weekly)
- % coverage: approximately 10% of the total body surface (25 cm²)
- Type of wrap if used: A gauze pad with the paste was placed onto the clipped skin and fixed with the bandage. The gauze pad was placed on the bandage (30 cm x 5 cm) with the test item facing upwards. The clipped back of the rat was then brought in contact with the test item on the gauze pad and the bandage was firmly wrapped around the trunk of the animal. A second bandage (30 cm x 2.5 cm) was then wrapped around the first bandage to fix its borders and to assure a tight semi-occlusive dressing.
- Time intervals for shavings or clipplings: clipped as necessary,but at least once weekly


REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): Dressing and gauze were removed carefully and the treated area was gently rinsed with lukewarm tap water and the skin was dried with a disposable paper towel.
- Time after start of exposure: 6 h


TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 100, 300 or 1000 mg/Kg bw in a paste of 50 % (w/w) test substance
- Constant volume or concentration used: No, a paste was formed.
- For solids, paste formed: yes: The test item was weighed out, transferred into a mortar and the same amount of 0.5% CMC (high viscosity grade) added drop by drop until a paste was formed with the pistil. The necessary amount of paste for each animal was then exactly weighed by taking the added amount of CMC into account and by transferring it with a spatula onto a gauze pad placed on the balance.

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose in water
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): no
- Concentration (if solution): 0.5% (w/v)
- Lot/batch no. (if required): 1140855


USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: no

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

no

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

As the substance was applied as paste to the shaved skin, analytical verification was not necessary

Duration of treatment / exposure:

28 d

Frequency of treatment:

5 d/wk, 6h/d

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
100, 300, 1000 mg/Kg
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10 per sex and dose

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: The dose levels were selected based on data available in the Sponsor’s files.
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): random
- Rationale for selecting reserve groups: random
- Rationale for selecting satellite groups: no satellite group used
- Section schedule rationale (if not random): random

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily
- Cage side observations included check for viability and activity. If present, signs of toxicity were recorded.


DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: before first administration (after acclimatisation) and weekly thereafter
- Cage side observations included: The animals were observed in their home cages, outside their home cages in a standard arena and in the hand.


DERMAL IRRITATION (if dermal study): Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: daily. Skin reactions for erythema and oedema were checked before application and after removal of dressing and gauze (scoring according to OECD 404).


BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: at delivery, after acclimatisation (before first administration) and weekly thereafter


FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes, food consumption was measured once weekly during the acclimatization and treatment period.


FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No


WATER CONSUMPTION: No


OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: during acclimatisation: all animals; after sacrifice: groups 1 and 4 (control and high dose)
- Dose groups that were examined: see above


HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: after final sacrifice
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, pentobarbitone
- Animals fasted: Yes, 18 h prior to sacrifice
- How many animals: all animals of all dose groups
- Parameters checked in table 1 were examined.


CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: after final sacrifice
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, pentobarbitone
- Animals fasted: Yes, 18 h prior to sacrifice
- How many animals: all animals of all dose groups
- Parameters checked in table 1 were examined.


URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: Urine was collected from all animals during the 18 hours fasting period into a specimen vial, using a metabolism cage
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes
- Animals fasted: Yes, during the collection, but water was available ad libitum
- Parameters checked in table 1 were examined.


NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: in the last week, 5 d prior to sacrifice
- Dose groups that were examined: all
- Battery of functions tested: relevant parameters from a modified Irwin screen test were performed on all rats:
CNS Depression, CNS Stimulation, CNS Overexcitation, Autonomic Depression, Autonomic Stimulation, Behaviour, Sensorimotor Functions, Physiological Functions, Non-Specific Signs.
These observations were based upon the procedures used for the detailed behavioral observations. Any abnormal findings were recorded and graded in severity.

Sacrifice and pathology:

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes (see table 2)
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes (see table 2)

Statistics:

All statistical tests were performed using appropriate computing devices or programs. Proc
glm was used for the diagnostic analysis of variance according to Bartlett, and prox mix was
applied fort the Dunnett’s test. The statistical evaluations were performed with SAS version
9.2. The following statistical approaches were used in this study:
• All analyses were two-tailed for significance levels of 5% and 1%.
• All means were presented with standard deviations.
• If the variances were clearly heterogeneous, appropriate transformations (e.g. log,
square root, double arcsine) were used in an attempt to stabilize the variances. In the
final report, any transformations that were utilized were indicated in the specific
results tables and/or the statistical methods section.
• For continuous data: Body weights, cumulative body weight gain, food
consumption, clinical pathology values (hematology, clinical chemistry, and
urinalysis) and absolute organ weights were analyzed initially by a one-way analysis
of variance (ANOVA).
Organ weights were also analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on final
body weight (Shirley, 1977). This statistical analysis provided an adjusted organ
weight value, which has been displayed in the results table in the final report along
with flags for statistical significance.
• Summary statistics of organ to body weight ratios were presented but not analyzed
statistically.
• For all of the parameters evaluated initially by ANOVA or ANCOVA, the Dunnett’s
test was used to compare the control and treated groups, based on the error mean
square in the ANOVA or ANCOVA.
• For discontinuous or descriptive data (e.g. present/absent): Parameters that yield
discontinuous or descriptive data were analyzed by Fisher’s Exact Test (instead of the
Mann-Withney U-test).
• Macropathology and micropathology incidence data were analyzed using Fisher’s
Exact test.

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Dermal irritation:

effects observed, treatment-related

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

no effects observed

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Haematological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Clinical biochemistry findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Urinalysis findings:

no effects observed

Behaviour (functional findings):

effects observed, treatment-related

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

no effects observed

Details on results:

CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
- There was no mortality in the study. All animals survived their scheduled study period.
- No test item-related effects were recorded at the treated skin sites. No test item-related clinical signs were observed. The sporadic occurrence of erythema was observed in some test item-treated and control animals at the edge only of the bandages. These findings were considered to be a local
reaction to the tapes used for bandaging and were not an effect of the test item.
- In one female no. 44 of the control group the transient occurrence of a weakened condition was observed. In addition, one female (no. 59) of the low dose group was found with a dark nose from days 4 to 6.
- A dark nose was observed in one female (no. 59) dosed 100 mg/kg in week 1.
These findings were considered to represent individual biological variations in the physiological condition rather than test item-related effects. No test item-related clinical signs were observed.

BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
No test item-related effects were noted on body weight or cumulative body weight gain (see table 3).

FOOD CONSUMPTION
There were no test item-related effects on food consumption.


OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION
- All of the observations made were low in incidence, were seen in control as well as treated animals and/or were observed during the acclimatization period as well. These recorded observations were typical juvenile findings commonly encountered in rats of this strain and age.
No test item-related changes to the eyes were observed.

HAEMATOLOGY
- The value for the relative basophil counts in males dosed at 300 mg/kg was slightly lower than the corresponding control value. However, this statistically significant difference between the value in the test item-treated and control animals was not related to dosage, was not consistent across the sexes and was within the normal background ranges recorded for rats of this strain and age. Therefore, the difference in this hematology value was considered to be incidental to treatment.
No changes were noted in any of the hematology parameters examined that were attributable to treatment.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
- The values for cholesterol and triglyceride in females dosed at 300 mg/kg were higher than the corresponding control values, and for cholesterol slightly outside the range of historical control data. In addition, the value for calcium in females dosed at 300 mg/kg was slightly higher than the corresponding control value but within he range of historical control data. However, considering the lack of any effect in males, the lack of any dose responserelationship effect ad the small magnitude of the difference, the differences in these values were considered to be incidental to treatment.
No changes were noted in any of the clinical biochemistry parameters examined that were attributable to treatment.

URINALYSIS
The value for the urine volume was lower in males at 100 mg/kg, but was within the range of historical control data. Therefore, this difference was considered to be incidental to treatment.
No changes were noted in any of the urinalysis parameters examined that were attributable to treatment.

NEUROBEHAVIOUR
- Functional observational battery
A slightly weakened condition was recorded in one female (no. 44) of the control group, and in one male (no. 12) dosed at 100 mg/kg. In addition, this male had a breathing noise. The iridic reflex was absent in both eyes of one male (no. 24) dosed at 300 mg/kg. Given the low number of affected animals, these behavioral observations or alteration in the iridic reflex are considered to represent individual biological variations in the activity pattern
or physiological condition rather than test item-related effects.
The evaluation of the FOB parameters revealed no test item-related effects.
- Grip strength:
Although grip strength in the forepaws in females dosed at 1000 mg/kg was slightly increased, this alteration did not attain any statistical significance. This behavioral observation is considered to represent a biological variation in the physiological condition rather than a test item-related effect not considered which would be expected to show an alteration in the opposite direction.
No effects on grip strength were detected.
- Locomotor activity
There was a slight increase in locomotor activity in females dosed at 300 and 1000 mg/kg which did not attain any statistical significance. This behavioral observation is considered to represent an individual biological variation in the activity pattern rather than a test itemrelated effect.
No effects on locomotor activity were detected.

ORGAN WEIGHTS
There were no test item-related effects on organ weights and adjusted organ weights.

GROSS PATHOLOGY
The very few macroscopic findings recorded during the macroscopic observation including dark red foci in the thymus of the stomach, testes and epididymides reduced in size in one control rat, pelvic dilation of the kidneys, uterine dilation or dark red discoloration of the ovaries, sparsely distributed among control and/or treated groups, were deemed to be unrelated to the test item and were within the range of background alterations that may be recorded in this type of study, in rats of this strain and age.
No treatment-related macroscopic findings were noted in the study. At the skin application sites were no differences recorded between control and treated animals.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
Some minor microscopic findings noted included pelvic dilation, tubular basophilia and corticomedullary mineralization (in females) of the kidneys, mixed cell infiltration in the liver, thymic congestion and mild lymphoid depletion, or uterine dilation were sparsely distributed among the control and/or high dose groups, deemed to be unrelated to the test item and were within the range and severity of spontaneous background alterations that may
be commonly observed in this type of study, in rats of this strain and age in this laboratory and, therefore, are considered to be of no toxicological significance.
There were no microscopic findings present in rats treated with SYN545192 that could be considered to represent a test item-related effect.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: NEOPLASTIC (if applicable)
no findings

Effect levels

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: even at the highest dose no treatment related effects of toxicity were found

Target system / organ toxicity

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

- Table 3: Body weights males

		Group 1 0 mg/kg	Group 2 100 mg/kg	Group 3 300 mg/kg	Group 4 1000 mg/kg
ACCLIMATIZATION
Day 1	MEAN	172.72	173.46	168.62	171.70
	ST.DEV.	6.95	9.20	10.13	8.29
	N	10	10	10	10
TREATMENT
Day 1	MEAN	219.54	220.19	214.85	215.15
	ST.DEV.	7.57	10.83	10.64	9.09
	N	10	10	10	10
Day 8	MEAN	259.27	258.96	257.61	251.37
	ST.DEV.	11.05	15.45	16.51	12.24
	N	10	10	10	10
Day 15	MEAN	293.33	289.83	292.00	277.82
	ST.DEV.	12.10	20.85	19.73	14.30
	N	10	10	10	10
Day 22	MEAN	320.36	315.08	320.14	304.21
	ST.DEV.	16.27	25.26	24.71	18.97
	N	10	10	10	10
Day 28	MEAN	334.21	329.06	335.30	319.75
	ST.DEV.	18.66	28.02	29.02	20.94
	N	10	10	10	10

N: Number of surviving animals in group

- Table 4: Body weights females

		Group 1 0 mg/kg	Group 2 100 mg/kg	Group 3 300 mg/kg	Group 4 1000 mg/kg
ACCLIMATIZATION
Day 1	MEAN	146.31	145.80	147.55	148.82
	ST.DEV.	3.88	3.88	5.43	3.85
	N	10	10	10	10
TREATMENT
Day 1	MEAN	165.97	168.93	168.03	168.37
	ST.DEV.	6.72	5.10	5.88	9.89
	N	10	10	10	10
Day 8	MEAN	183.41	185.07	183.47	187.04
	ST.DEV.	12.50	5.66	6.45	7.96
	N	10	10	10	10
Day 15	MEAN	195.14	195.64	198.45	201.34
	ST.DEV.	11.24	9.78	6.96	9.19
	N	10	10	10	10
Day 22	MEAN	205.68	207.05	210.17	209.73
	ST.DEV.	14.80	12.64	13.08	9.67
	N	10	10	10	10
Day 28	MEAN	212.43	218.15	216.57	216.42
	ST.DEV.	17.43	14.04	9.16	10.04
	N	10	10	10	10

N: Number of surviving animals in group

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Dermal administration of SYN545192 to Wistar rats at doses of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day for 6 hours each day for 5 days weekly over a period of 28 days (in compliance with OECD TG 410) resulted in no toxicologically significant findings.
Based on the results of this study the no-observed-adverse effect level (NOAEL) was determined to be >= 1000 mg/kg/day.

Executive summary:

Groups of ten male and ten female approximately 56 day old RccHan Wistar rats were dermally exposed (semi-occlusive) for 6 h, 5 days weekly over a period of 28 days at doses of 0 (control), 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg/day of SYN545192 according to OECD TG 410.

Based on the results of this study a no-observed-adverse effect level (NOAEL) was determined to be >= 1000 mg/kg/day.

The area exposure was approximately 25 cm², the test item was applied as paste made of equal amounts of the test item and 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in water as vehicle. Control animals were administered the vehicle only. General clinical observations, detailed behavioral observations, body weight measurements and food consumption measurements were made once weekly during the acclimatization and treatment periods. A functional observational battery (FOB) including grip strength and locomotor activity measurements was conducted during the last week of treatment before test item administration for that day. Ophthalmoscopic examinations were performed in all animals during acclimatization and during week 4 in animals of the control and high dose groups. Clinical laboratory investigations were conducted with blood samples obtained from fasted animals at the end of

the treatment period. At necropsy, selected organs were weighed and a range of tissues and organs were examined macro- and microscopically.