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EC number: 216-133-4 | CAS number: 1506-02-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 30 September 1996 - 20 August 1997
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted according to GLP requirements. Study carried out according to ISO/CD 11267.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11267 (Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola by Soil Pollutants)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Application method:
- soil
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- AHTN was dissolved in acetone. The AHTN solution was mixed with quarz sand. The acetone was evaporated and the quarz sand (containing AHTN) was mixed with the artificial soil.
- Test organisms (species):
- Folsomia candida
- Animal group:
- Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
- Details on test organisms:
- The study was performed with 10 to 12 day old juvenile springtails of the species Folsomia candida (Willem) bred under standardized conditions by IBACON. The springtails were placed in a defined artificial soil containing AHTN at six different concentrations. The number of offspring and the number of surviving adults after 28 days of exposure were determined.
At the beginning of the test about 2 mg of granulated dry yeast was spread over the soil surface of each test container. Food consumption was checked during the test period and yeast was added when necessary. - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 4 wk
- Test temperature:
- Temperature was recorded. The test containers were exposed at 17 - 25 °C instead of 20 ± 2 °C. Deviations are slight and of no significant effect on the development or fertility of the springtails. This is within the validity criteria of the study guidelines and hence is not considered to be significant.
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- At the beginning of the study, the pH of the artificial soil was between 6.1 and 6.4. At the end, the pH of the artificial soil was in a range between 5.7 and 6.0.
- Humidity:
- The water content of artificial soil was adjusted to 40 - 60 % of total water holding capacity. The water content was between 33.3 % and 34.9 % (dry weight) at the start and in a range of 25.8% to 31.1% at the end of the study.
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- Light intensity was recorded and a dark/light cycle of 8h/16h at 400 – 540 Lux was used.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Name: Betanal (CQ 532) Active ingredient/Purity: 160 g/L Phenmedipham Manufacturer: Hoechst Schering AgrEvo GmbH, D-38288 Wolfenbüttel Batch: 441067
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 45 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 105 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 45 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 105 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- Mortality of the Springtails (table 1).
The results revealed significant acute toxic effects of AHTN to Folsomia candida at a dosage of 105 mg AHTN / kg artificial soil. 18.0 %± 10.9% of the springtails exposed to 105 mg/kg died (mean ± standard deviation) during the entire study time of 4 weeks compared with 0.0 % in the control.
Reproduction of the Springtails (table 2)
Mean reproduction in the control after 4 weeks was 395 ± 88 juvenile springtails (mean ± standard deviation). Treatments with AHTN did not reveal any sub-lethal effects up to concentrations of 45 mg AHTN/kg artificial soil. Reproduction rates were increased but were not significantly different to the control (STUDENT t-test, p = 0.05).
At the highest concentration tested, 105 mg/kg, the reproduction rate was significantly reduced by 45.3 % (179 juveniles ± 54, mean ± standard deviation) compared to the control - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- In the treatment with the reference compound, 47.8 % less juveniles were produced as compared to the control.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No significant difference between the water treated control and the solvent control was observed. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed to determine whether differences between the control and the test concentrations are significant (p = 0.05).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Mortality of adult Folsomia candida in the control did not exceed 20 % at the end of the test. Reproduction rate reached a mean minimum of 100 offspring per control vessel. Coefficient of variation for reproduction in the control did not exceed 30 %.
- Conclusions:
- In a study according to ISO 11267 carried out under GLP (Rel. 1), survival and reproduction of the springtail Folsomia candida were affected by exposure to concentrations of 105 mg AHTN/kg artificial soil (dry weight). AHTN also caused sub-lethal effects on Folsomia candida at concentrations of 105 mg/kg. The NOEC was 45 mg/kg.
- Executive summary:
The effect of AHTN on the survival and reproduction of springtails of the species Folsomia candida, 10 to 12 days of age were investigated in a 4-week study according to ISO 11267 carried out under GLP (Rel. 1). The springtails were exposed in artificial soil containing 10% of dry organic matter. Nominal test concentrations were 1, 3, 8, 19, 45 and 105 mg/kg soil. The animals were fed with granulated dry yeast. No significant mortality (-7%) or effects on reproduction (0%) were observed in concentrations up to and including 45 mg/kg. Mortality was significant (18%) in the highest concentration of 105 mg/kg. The reproduction, expressed as the number of juveniles per container, was also significantly reduced (51%) in 105 mg/kg. The NOEC for springtails was 45 mg/kg.
Reference
Table 1 Mortality of adult springtails
surviving adult springtails | Mortality | ||||||||
mg/kg artificial soil dry weight | Replicates | ||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | mean | % mean | % SD | ||
control | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
solvent control | 10 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9.8 | 2 | 4.3 | |
1 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9.4 | 6 | 4.4 | |
3 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 9.4 | 6 | 8.3 | |
19 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9.8 | 2 | 4.3 | |
45 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 9.2 | 8 | 7.1 | |
105 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8.2 | 18 | 10.9 | |
reference compound | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Table 2 Number of juvenile springtails. Each test unit started with 10 adult springtails
mg/kg artificial soil dry weight | Replicates | reproduction rate | ||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | mean | SD | % of control | |
control | 311 | 385 | 331 | 518 | 432 | 395 | 83 | |
solvent control | 212 | 353 | 404 | 321 | 403 | 339 | 79 | 85.6 |
1 | 328 | 394 | 307 | 378 | 453 | 372 | 58 | 94.1 |
3 | 284 | 476 | 705 | 438 | 479 | 476 | 151 | 120.5 |
8 | 533 | 393 | 531 | 231 | 293 | 396 | 137 | 100.2 |
19 | 673 | 524 | 577 | 348 | 394 | 503 | 133 | 127.3 |
45 | 374 | 655 | 340 | 204 | 281 | 371 | 171 | 93.8 |
105 | 202 | 103 | 213 | 234 | 143 | 179 | 54 | 45.3 |
reference compound | 202 | 290 | 221 | 177 | 143 | 207 | 55 | 52.3 |
In the treatment with the reference compound, 47.8 % less juveniles were produced as compared to the control.
Description of key information
The NOEC was determined by exposing springtails to AHTN in artificial soil. A total of 50 springtails per dose were exposed to test material in artificial soil for 4 weeks. Reproduction, mortality and behavioural abnormalities were recorded. The lowest NOEC was found for mortality and reproduction.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil dwelling arthropods:
- 15.3 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
The NOEC of 45 mg/kg soil dw was determined by exposing springtails to AHTN in artificial soil. The lowest NOEC was found for mortality and reproduction. This NOEC is normalised to the standard soil. The soil in the test contains 10% sphagnum and standard soil 3.4% organic material. Consequently, the adjusted NOEC is 45 / 10% x 3.4% = 15.3 mg/kg.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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