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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
3 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
75.6 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Due to lack of repeated dose toxicity data by the inhalation route, a route to route extrapolation was performed. The NOAEL (oral) is converted into a NOAEC (corrected) in accordance to guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.8, ECHA, May 2008. The NOAEL (oral) has to be adjusted for differences in respiratory volume for test animals (mice) and humans and corrected for activity driven differences of respiratory volumes in workers compared to workers in rest. In addition, a default factor of 2 is applied to account for differences in oral and inhalative absorption properties, resulting in a corrected starting point of 75.6 mg/m3.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
extrapolation from subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
Allometric scaling is part of the route to route extrapolation
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
standard factor for remaining uncertainties
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
standard factor for worker
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
GLP and guideline compliant study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
8.6 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
175
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 500 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The dermal route is typically covered by oral route information in the absence of data for this administration route. Based on the available dermal absorption data, only minimal amounts of test substance penetrate the skin (4.42 % after 6 h dermal exposure). For further risk assessment, the NOAEL obtained by the oral route is modified by a factor of 10.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
extrapolation from subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
7
Justification:
extrapolation from mouse to human
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
standard factor for remaining uncertainties
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
standard factor for worker
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
GLP-compliant guideline study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - workers

Identification of relevant dose descriptor

The most relevant study for hazard assessment was considered to be the one-generation study in mice. The subacute oral toxicity study in rats was not considered adequate because of the rat-specific effects on the liver-thyroid axis (for more details see also chapter 7.5). Mice proved to be much less sensitive and showed adaptive effects on liver with a NOAEL of 150 mg/kg body weight for exposure for 12-18 weeks. Both liver and thyroid, the target organs identified in the rat study, were investigated in the one-generation study, therefore adequate information for assessment is provided. Consequently, the NOAEL of 150 mg/kg body weight obtained in the one-generation study was used as point of departure for DNEL calculations. This is in line with the results obtained with the structurally related compound CAS 2082-79-3. Here, chronic treatment resulted in increases in liver and thyroid weights in rats but not in mice, with NOAELs of 64 and 54 mg/kg body weight, respectively. These studies do not only confirm the rat specific mode of action of this substance class, they also confirm the level of toxicity with NOAELs in the same range, taking the longer exposure period into account. The NOAEL of 150 mg/kg obtained in the 1-gen study in mice is therefore considered adequate for hazard assessment.

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.74 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
50
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
37.2 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Because no inhalation study is available, a route to route extrapolation was performed. The NOAEL (oral) has to be adjusted into a NOAEL (corrected) based on differences in respiratory volumes for test animals (mice) and humans in accordance to guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.8, ECHA, May 2008. An additional default factor of 2 is applied to account for differences in oral and inhalative absorption properties, resulting in a corrected starting point of 37.2 mg/m3.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
extrapolation from subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
Allometric scaling is part of the route to route extrapolation
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
standard factor for remaining uncertainties
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
standard factor for the general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
GLP and guideline compliant study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
4.3 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
350
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
1 500 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The dermal route is typically covered by oral route information in the absence of data for this administration route. Based on the available dermal absorption data, only minimal amounts of test substance penetrate the skin (4.42 % after 6 h dermal exposure). For further risk assessment, the NOAEL obtained by the oral route is modified by a factor of 10.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
extrapolation from subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
7
Justification:
extrapolation from mouse to human
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
standard factor for remaining uncertainties
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
standard factor for the general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
GLP and guideline compliant study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.43 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
350
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
150 mg/kg bw/day
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
extrapolation from subchronic to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
7
Justification:
extrapolation from mouse to human
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
standard factor for remaining uncertainties
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
standard factor for the general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
GLP and guideline compliant study
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population

Identification of relevant dose descriptor

The NOAEL of 150 mg/kg obtained in the 1-generation study was used as point of departure for DNEL calculations (see above).