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EC number: 208-932-1 | CAS number: 547-66-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1968
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 968
- Report date:
- 1967
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.5 (Degradation: Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
- Version / remarks:
- BOD test in large volume
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BOD test in large volume. Measurement of oxygen levels, TOC, bacterial growth
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Study conducted before GLP development
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Oxalic acid
- EC Number:
- 205-634-3
- EC Name:
- Oxalic acid
- Cas Number:
- 144-62-7
- Molecular formula:
- C2H2O4
- IUPAC Name:
- oxalic acid
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Settled raw wastewater from a St. Louis Metropolitan Sewer District manhole on the Washington University Campus
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: the raw wastewater was settled and filtrated
- Pretreatment: none
- Concentration of sludge: very low: the raw wastewater was settled and filtrated
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: total bacteria count circa 6x10^4 organisms/ml. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 20 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimationopen allclose all
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Remarks:
- O2 measured by azide modification of Winkler method
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- TOC removal
- Remarks:
- Beckman infrared carbonaceous analyzer
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: COD removal acc. to ASTM method
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: bacterial growth, spot plate technique on tryptone glucose extract agar
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: According to Standard Methods (for BOD) for the examination of Water and Wastewater, Am. Pub. Health Assn., New York 1965
- Additional substrate: none
- Test temperature: 19.5 - 20.5 degree C
- pH: no data (reference to ASTM BOD test)
- CEC (meq/100 g): no data (reference to ASTM BOD test)
- Aeration of dilution water: yes
- Suspended solids concentration: not given. Inoculum given as circa 6 x 10^4 organisms/ml
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: BOD apparatus of Orford et al. Two 9-L Pyrex bottles with a connecting siphon, one above the other. The lower one is the test bottle that is sampled. The lower one was kept full and sealed to exclude air.
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: single dilution technique (1 bottle)
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: aeration
- Method used to create anaerobic conditions:
- Measuring equipment: DO analysis according to azide modification of the Winkler method, titration with 0.0125 N sodium thiosulphate.
COD: low-level DCOD test recommended for samples having < 100 mg/l, acc. to ASTM.
TOC by Beckman IR C-analyzer. Samples were acidified with concentrated HCl and carbonates were stripped by nitrogen gas. Also performed on soluble and cellular fractions that had been separated by centrifugation.
Nitrite: to differentiate between carbonaceous and nitrogenous oxygen utilisation. Diazotation test (to detect nitrites)
Spot plate technique: Sterile petri dishes with tryptone glucose extract agar, spotted with 5 0.01 ml droplets of sample. Incubation for 24 h at 37 degree C. Counting by Quebec colony counter.
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: on day 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 20
- Sampling method: Samples were taken from the lower bottle by opening the hose clamp on a siphon. The volume of the sample was replaced continuously through the siphon from the second bottle which was covered but had access to the atmosphere.
Samples for dissolved oxygen: 50 ml; for COD and TOC analysis 30 to 40 ml; centrifugation 40 ml (also for TOC);
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: included (no C-source added)
- Abiotic sterile control: not included
- Toxicity control: not included
- Other: reference substance: glucose and glutamic acid
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- other: glucose-glutamic acid solution, 10 mg/l
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- no data provided
- Test performance:
- The test system performed well as indicated by the performance of the blank and of the reference (see below). In the blank, the oxygen utilisation proceeded at a low and relatively constant rate throughout the test period, attaining a level of 1.2 mg/l after 5 days and 3.3 mg/l after 20 days. Initial COD and TOC levels were very low and they were depleted to insignificant levels after 5 days. Bacterial growht reached a peak of 4x10^5 organism/ml after 2 days. Growth declined to a fairly constant level of about 1 to 2 x 10^4 org./ml to the end of testing.
% Degradationopen allclose all
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 89
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: BOD5 = 0.16 mg/mg
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 89
- Sampling time:
- 20 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: BOD20 = 0.16 mg/mg
- Details on results:
- Lag time before start of degradation was 0 days.
The peak of bacterial growth was noted at day 2.
Respiration to synthesis ratio (C released as CO2/C utilised in cel synthesis): on day 1: 2.7; on day 9: 25. A high ratio indicates most of the carbon is used in respiration.
BOD5 / COD results
BOD5 / CODopen allclose all
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- 0.16 g O2/g test mat.
- Parameter:
- BOD5*100/COD
- Value:
- 89
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference with glucose-glutamic acid solution (10 mg/l)showed immediate uptake of oxygen at the start., attaining its maximum rate within 5 dyas and thereafter the slope of the oxygen utilisation curve matched that of the seed blank. BOD5 1.49 mg/mg (compared to 1.45 +/- 0.07 mg/mg reported in the 'Standard Methods'. Bacterial growth showed a peak of about 2 x 10^6 org/ml on day 2, decreasing to apprx. 1x10^4 afterwards. COD and TOC immediately decreased to a low level at day 4.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- No specific criteria for this test. There are no replicates to compare the repeatability of the results. Yet the degradation is so fast there is no doubt. The reference substance degrades well and the blank control gives a low oxygen consumption.
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test falls under the strict conditions defined for screening for ready biodegradability. The test substance completely mineralises within 5 days, without a lag time. This implies the test substance is readily biodegradable, meeting the 10d-window.
- Executive summary:
A test method was described that can be considered as a pre-development of the various OECD screening test methods for ready biodegradation (OECD 301). The test conditions were as strict as in those screening tests: a low amount of non-adapted inoculum and a relatively low level of test substance. Oxalic acid completely mineralised in 5 days, indicating that the substance is readily biodegradable.
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