Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 232-122-7 | CAS number: 7787-59-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 11 May 2010 - 22 May 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples from control and the test item concentration were taken at the start end the end of the exposure period and analysed to determine the actual test item concentrations in comparison to the nominally applied concentrations.
Before analysis, the samples were stored in a refrigerator in polyethylene bottles. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- A stock solution (water-accommodated fraction, WAF) at a loading rate of nominal 137 mg test item/L (=100 mg Bi/L) was prepared by dissolving 137.4 mg of the test item in 1004 mL of test medium. This stock solution was agitated for seven days by using a horizontal laboratory shaker at ambient temperature in the dark. The shaker was set to a frequency of 100 rpm to keep the test item in permanent suspension according to OECD guideline. After that, the stock solution was filtered (glass fibre filter, pore size 0.4 µm). The filtrate was used to prepare the desired test item concentrations.
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- common name: green algae (SAG 61.81)
breeder: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
To adjust the algae to the test conditions a pre-culture was inoculated by an agar stock culture and incubated under test conditions:
pH-value of the algal medium: 5.9
Amount of liquid stock culture per pre-culture vessel: 100 mL
Pre-culture vessels: 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
Number of replicates: 2
Light: light/dark (24/0 h); fluorescent tubes of universal white type
Light intensity: 60 – 120 µE/m2 * s
Shaker: 100 ± 5 oscillations/min
Temperature in the test room: 21 - 24°C, controlled at ± 2°C - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 22.3-24.0 °C
- pH:
- 5.9-6.1
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal added concentrations: control, 1, 3, 10, 30 and 100% of water-accommodated fraction (100 mg Bi/L), corresponding to measured dissolved Bi concentrations of <0.003, <0.003, <0.003, 0.006, 0.02 and 0.046 mg Bi/L (calculated as geometric mean of measured concentrations at start and end of exposure).
- Details on test conditions:
- -Age of the pre-culture: 4 days
-Number of cells per mL in the pre-culture before inoculating the test solution: 277 x 10^4
-Number of cells per mL test solution at the beginning of the test: 0.5 x 10^4
-Number of replicates per test item concentration: 3
-Number of replicates in the control: 6
-Number of replicates for stability check (limit concentration without algae): 2
-Light cycle: 24/0 hours light/dark
-Types of light: fluorescent tubes of universal white type (Osram Lumilux 58W/865)
-Light intensity: mean value of six measurements: 94.6 µE/m2s (required 60 to 120 µE*m2s1 equivalent to 4440 – 8880 lx)
-Shaker: 100 ± 5 oscillations/min; the test vessels were placed randomly on the shaker
-Counting of algae: daily
-Effect parameter: yield and growth rate - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 137 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: EC50 > 100 mg Bi/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 137 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: NOEC >= 100 mg Bi/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 137 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: EC50 > 100 mg Bi/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 137 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: NOEC >= 100 mg Bi/L
- Details on results:
- Effect parameter, EC50 and NOEC for yield and growth rate, values based on mean measured dissolved Bismut concentrations are all higher than 0.046 mg Bi/L.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- results of the reference test performed in january 2010: 72h-EC50 for growth rate is 0.85 mg/L. Based on an international ring test (ISO 2004) mentioned in OECD guideline 201, the 72h-EC50 value for potassium dichromate obtained from different laboratories should be 1.19 mg/L with a standard deviation of 0.27 mg/L. The experimentally obtained value of 0.85 mg/L is within the historical range of the results of the testing laboratory (mean EC50 value = 1.15 +- 0.42 mg/L) and within the upper (2.54 mg/L) and lower (0.44 mg/L) warning limit. The warning limits were calculated as two standard deviations from the historical mean of the EC50. Furthermore, the EC50 value is within the refined range of 1.10 +- 0.48 mg/L, recommended based on an international ring test (pattard et al. 2009). Therefore, the results of this reference test are acceptable and the test conditions are reliable.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The data were evaluated for homogeneity of variances by Levene's Test, and by Williams' test to calculate whether there were significant differences between the growth of algae in the controls and the algae exposed to the test item concentrations.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- GLP0 test according to OECD 201 guideline. The 72h-EC50 for growth rate and biomass yield of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata are both > 137 mg/L bismuth subnitrate (100 mg Bi/L).
- Executive summary:
A GLP test conducted according to OECD 201 guideline. The 72h-EC50 for growth rate and biomass yield of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata are both > 137 mg/L bismuth subnitrate (> 100 mg Bi/L).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Please refer to the analogue justification provided in IUCLID section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 137 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: EC50 > 100 mg Bi/L
- Remarks:
- Source: 6.1.5-1
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 137 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: NOEC >= 100 mg Bi/L
- Remarks:
- Source: 6.1.5-1
Referenceopen allclose all
Treatment [% of WAF] |
%Inhibition of Yield (72 h) |
Significant difference from control (p≤0.05) |
%Inhibition of Growth Rate (72 h) |
Significant difference from control (p≤0.05) |
Control | 0.0 |
No | 0.0 | No |
1 | -13.5 |
No | -2.3 | No |
3 | -12 |
No | -2 | No |
10 | -10.6 |
No | -1.7 | No |
30 | 4.4 |
No | 0.8 | No |
100 | 2.0 |
No | 0.4 | No |
Description of key information
ErC 50 (72 h) > 137 mg/L, corresponding to 100 mg Bi/L (nominal, P. subcapitata, OECD 201); read across from bismuth hydroxide nitrate oxide (CAS 1304-85-4)
NOErC (72 h) ≥ 137 mg/L, corresponding to 100 mg Bi/L (nominal, P. subcapitata, OECD 201); read across from bismuth hydroxide nitrate oxide (CAS 1304-85-4)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
No data were available on the short term toxicity of bismuth chloride oxide (CAS 7787-59-9) on algae and therefore a read across was conducted to reliable data of the source substance bismuth hydroxide nitrate oxide (CAS 1304-85-4). A detailed read across justification is provided in section 13 of the IUCLID dossier.
The available study with the read across substance bismuth hydroxide nitrate oxide, was conducted according to OECD guideline 201 and GLP (Ref.: 6.1.5-1). Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was used as the test organism in a static test system. The green algae was exposed to 1, 3, 10, 30 and 100% of the stock solution with a nominal loading rate of 137 mg test item/L (corresponding to 100 mg Bi/L) for 72 h. An analytical monitoring via ICP-OES was performed at the test start and end, in order to verify the concentrations in all test item concentrations and in the control. No toxic effects on growth rate or biomass were recorded in the study resulting in ErC 50 (72 h) > 137 mg/L and NOErC (72 h) ≥ 137 mg test item/L (nominal), corresponding to > 100 mg Bi/L.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.