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EC number: 214-490-0 | CAS number: 1135-24-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in soil
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in soil, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1979
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The purpose of this study was, therefore, to (i) determine the influence of a wide range of concentrations on the decomposition of some specifically 14Clabeled
phenolic compounds and benzoic acid in an acid and an alkaline soil, and (ii) compare the results obtained with that from 14C-labeled glucose, cellulose,
wheat straw and protein using a much greater range of concentrations than tested by previous workers using plant residues. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- laboratory
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Details on soil characteristics:
- Chino loam (pH 5.6) and San Jacinto sandy loam (pH 8.0) topsoils were obtained from the field, air dried for 2 days, passed through a 2-mm sieve and 100-g portions weighed into 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- radiochem. meas.
- Details on experimental conditions:
- The phenolic substances and benzoic acid were applied in duplicate at concentrations of 1 to 10,000 ppm
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 80
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1 ppm
- Remarks:
- Acid soil
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 77
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 100 ppm
- Remarks:
- acid soil
- Transformation products:
- not specified
- Evaporation of parent compound:
- not specified
- Volatile metabolites:
- not measured
- Residues:
- not measured
- Details on results:
- The influence of concentration on the decomposition rate of ring-14C benzoic and ferulic acids in initially sterilized and reinoculated Chino loam and San Jacinto sandy loam.
Ferulic acid, present at 100 ppm in Chino (California) loam with a pH of 5.6, underwent 77% decomposition via 14-CO2 evolution after 28 days.
In San Jacinto (California) sandy loam with a pH of 8, 100 ppm ferulic acid underwent 13% decomposition by 14-CO2 evolution over 28 days. This lower level of decomposition was thought to be due to polymerization of ferulic acid to humic acid type compounds - Conclusions:
- The influence of concentration on the decomposition rate of ring-14C benzoic and ferulic acids in initially sterilized and reinoculated Chino loam and San Jacinto sandy loam.
Ferulic acid, present at 100 ppm in Chino (California) loam with a pH of 5.6, underwent 77% decomposition via 14-CO2 evolution after 28 days.
In San Jacinto (California) sandy loam with a pH of 8, 100 ppm ferulic acid underwent 13% decomposition by 14-CO2 evolution over 28 days. This lower level of decomposition was thought to be due to polymerization of ferulic acid to humic acid type compounds - Executive summary:
The decomposition of ring-14C-labeled ferulic acids and of O"CH3-labeled ferulic acid at concentrations of 1 to 10,000 ppm was followed in Chino loam (pH 5.6) and San Jacinto sandy loam (pH 8.0) over a 12-week incubation period.
The range for C loss for ferulic acid was 40 to 79% for the acid soil and 22 to 33% for the alkaline soil as the concentration increased from 1 to 10,000 ppm.
Loss of O14CH3 C of ferulic acid was not influenced by concentration. Percentage C loss from ring-14C ferulic and benzoic acids added to initially sterilized and reinoculated acid soil was about 82% and was not influenced by concentration.
Ferulic acid, present at 100 ppm in Chino (California) loam with a pH of 5.6, underwent 77% decomposition via 14-CO2 evolution after 28 days.
In San Jacinto (California) sandy loam with a pH of 8, 100 ppm ferulic acid underwent 13% decomposition by 14-CO2 evolution over 28 days. This lower level of decomposition was thought to be due to polymerization of ferulic acid to humic acid type compounds
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in soil, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1979
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The purpose of this investigation was (i) to study the loss and stabilization in soil of side chain 1-, 2-, and 3-14C, O14CH3, and ring-14C of ferulic acid, an important lignin derived phenolic compound, and (ii) to compare this loss and stabilization with that of the carbons of common transformation products found during microbial metabolism of ferulic acid and of glucose.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- laboratory
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Details on soil characteristics:
- Greenfield sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed thermic Typic Haploxeralf) top soil (pH 7.0) was used for the decomposition tests.
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 72
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Remarks:
- O14CH3 carbons.
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 100 ppm
- % Degr.:
- 71
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Remarks:
- O14CH3 carbons.
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1000 ppm
- % Degr.:
- 64
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Remarks:
- The weighted average C loss
- Sampling time:
- 12 wk
- Remarks on result:
- other: 100 ppm
- % Degr.:
- 68
- Parameter:
- radiochem. meas.
- Remarks:
- The weighted average C loss
- Sampling time:
- 12 wk
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1000 ppm
- Transformation products:
- not specified
- Evaporation of parent compound:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Ferulic acid, present at 100 and 1000 ppm in Greenfield (California) sandy loam with a pH of 7, underwent 72% and 71% decomposition via 14-CO2 evolution in 28 days respectively using the greatest C loss occurred from the methoxyl.
- Executive summary:
In this study, side chain 1-14C, 2-14C, and 3-14C, O14CH3 and ring 14C-labeled ferulic acids were synthesized and incubated with Greenfield sandy loam top soil at rates of 100 and 1,000 ppm. The loss of the specifically labeled carbons as 14CO2 over a 12-week period ranged from 44 to 78% and averaged 64 and 68% for the 100 and 1,000 ppm additions, respectively. The smallest loss occurred from the 2-14C (side chain) and the greatest from the 3-14C (side chain) and the O14CH3 carbons.
This study indicates that the whole ferulic acid molecule is readily utilized by soil microbes.
Referenceopen allclose all
Ring-14C ferulic acid was highly stable at all concentrations in the alkaline soil and at concentrations of 1 to 100 in the acid soil. Carbon losses ranged from 40 to 78%, and 21 to 35% in the acid and alkaline soils, respectively.
Tests with 014CH3-C of ferulic acid showed that losses were not influenced by concentration and that compared to ring C much greater percentages had evolved as CO2 from both soils but the methoxyl C was still much more resistant to microbial degradatoin in the alkaline soil. Losses at 12 weeks were about 70% for the acid soil and 37% for the alkaline soil.
The influence of concentration on the decomposition rate of ring-14C benzoic and ferulic acids in initially sterilized and reinoculated Chino loam and San Jacinto sandy loam was also studied. In the acid soil C loss was over 80% at all concentrations for both compounds.
Ferulic acid, present at 100 and 1000 ppm in Greenfield (California) sandy loam with a pH of 7, underwent 72% and 71% decomposition via 14-CO2 evolution in 28 days respectively using the greatest C loss occurred from the methoxyl.
Evolution of the various carbons during the 12-week incubation period varied from 44 to 75%. The greatest C loss occurred from the methoxyl and 3-side chain carbons and the least from the 2-side chain carbons. The weighted average C loss for the 100 and 1,000 ppm additions was 64 and 68%, respectively.
The smallest loss occurred from the 2-14C (side chain) and the greatest from the 3-14C (side chain) and the O14CH3 carbons.
Description of key information
Ferulic acid was subjected to two soil biodegradation tests under aerobic conditions.
The first study revealed a loss of the specifically labeled carbons as 14CO2 over a 4 -week period (28 days) ranged from 34 to 72% and averaged 56 and 65% for the 100 and 1,000 ppm additions, respectively. The second study, for its part, revealed a great variability in Ferulic acid degradability depending on the type of soil and associated pH. Ferulic acid, present at 100 ppm in Chino (California) loam [pH 5.6] underwent 77% decomposition via 14CO2 evolution after 28 days while In San Jacinto (California) sandy loam [pH 8], 100 ppm ferulic acid underwent 13%. This lower level of decomposition was thought to be due to polymerization of Ferulic acid to humic acid type compounds.
Under certain conditions, results of that type of testing can be a sufficient documentation for a rapid degradation in surface waters. Indeed, It has been argued that for many non-sorptive (non-lipophilic) substances, more or less the same degradation rates are found in soil and in surface water.
Unfortunately, results of these testing do not suggest a rapid degradation of the substance in these conditions.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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