Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 235-219-2 | CAS number: 12135-22-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Water solubility
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP status not known, guideline experimental study minor restrictions in design and/or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 29 (23-Jul-2001): Guidance document on transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds in aqueous media
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: UN Transformation/Dissolution Protocol (T/DP) for Metals and Sparingly Soluble Metal Compounds.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- other: Transformation/dissolution
- Water solubility:
- 0.1 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 21.8 °C
- pH:
- >= 5.68 - <= 5.79
- Remarks on result:
- other: pH 6 24-hr scoping study. Test Duration; 24 Hours, Pd(OH)2 Loading; 100 mg/L, σ = 0.1 µg/L, σ % = 54, Temperature Range; 21.7 - 21.9 ºC, DO; 5.1 - 10.6 mg/L
- Water solubility:
- 0 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 22.6 °C
- pH:
- >= 8.28 - <= 8.46
- Remarks on result:
- other: pH 8.5 24-hr scoping study. Test Duration; 24 Hours, Pd(OH)2 Loading; 100 mg/L, σ = 0.0 µg/L, Temperature Range; 22.3 - 22.8ºC, DO; 3.2 - 10.4 mg/L
- Water solubility:
- 0.01 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 20.8 °C
- pH:
- >= 5.32 - <= 6.06
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test Duration; 28 Days, Pd(OH)2 Loading; 1 mg/L. Concentration at 168 hours reported. σ = 0.01 µg/L, σ % = 173, Temperature Range; 21.9 - 22.4 ºC, DO; 4.4 - 11.6 mg/L
- Water solubility:
- 0.13 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 22.1 °C
- pH:
- >= 5.32 - <= 6.35
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test Duration; 28 Days, Pd(OH)2 Loading; 1 mg/L. Concentration at 672 hours reported. σ = 0.04 µg/L, σ % = 30,Temperature Range; 21.1 - 22.4 ºC, DO; 4.4 - 11.6 mg/L
- Water solubility:
- 0.21 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 22.4 °C
- pH:
- >= 5.49 - <= 6.12
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test Duration; 7 Days, Pd(OH)2 Loading; 10 mg/L, σ = 0.06 µg/L, σ % = 26, Temperature Range; 22.1 - 22.5 ºC, DO; 6.7 - 16.2 mg/L
- Water solubility:
- 0.4 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 22.3 °C
- pH:
- >= 5.49 - <= 6.14
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test Duration; 7 Days, Pd(OH)2 Loading; 100 mg/L, σ = 0.24 µg/L, σ % = 60, Temperature Range; 22.0 - 22.5 ºC, DO; 6.7 - 16.5 mg/L
- Details on results:
- In the 24 hour scoping tests, palladium hydroxide was slightly soluble, with net changes being 0.1 and 00.0 µg/L for pH 6 and pH 8 respectively. Since both values were less than the ERV, the definitve test were perfromed at pH 6. The T/D data from the definitive test show that net concentration changes for PdO were 0.21 µg/L (σ % = 26) and 0.4 µg/L (σ % = 60) after 7 days for 10 and 100 mg Pd(OH)2/L loadings at pH 6 respectively. The maximum Pd(OH)2 concentration observed from the 7- and 28-day definitive tests was 1.02 µg/L (σ % = 13), after 6 hours for the 100 mg Pd(OH)2/L loadings.
- Conclusions:
- In the 24 hour scoping tests, palladium hydroxide was slightly soluble, with net changes being 0.1 and 00.0 µg/L for pH 6 and pH 8 respectively. Since both values were less than the ERV, the definitve test were perfromed at pH 6. The T/D data from the definitive test show that net concentration changes for PdO were 0.21 µg/L (σ % = 26) and 0.4 µg/L (σ % = 60) after 7 days for 10 and 100 mg Pd(OH)2/L loadings at pH 6 respectively. The maximum Pd(OH)2 concentration observed from the 7- and 28-day definitive tests was 1.02 µg/L (σ % = 13), after 6 hours for the 100 mg Pd(OH)2/L loadings.
- Executive summary:
This is a guideline experimental study, of unknown GLP status, there are minor restrictions in design and/or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment as a key study for this endpoint. In the 24 hour scoping tests, palladium hydroxide was at or below analytical limits, with net concentation changes being 0.1 and 0.0 µg/L for pH 6 and pH 8 respectively. Since both values were less than the ERV, the definitve test were perfromed at pH 6. The T/D data from the definitive test show that net concentration changes for Pd(OH)2 were 0.21 µg/L (σ % = 26) and 0.4 µg/L (σ % = 60) after 7 days for 10 and 100 mg Pd(OH)2/L loadings at pH 6 respectively. The maximum Pd(OH)2 concentration observed from the 7- and 28-day definitive tests was 1.02 µg/L (σ % = 13), after 6 hours for the 100 mg Pd(OH)2/L loadings.
- Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP status not known, guideline experimental study minor restrictions in design and/or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 29 (23-Jul-2001): Guidance document on transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds in aqueous media
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: UN Transformation/Dissolution Protocol (T/DP) for Metals and Sparingly Soluble Metal Compounds.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- other: Transformation/dissolution
- Water solubility:
- 7.6 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 21.9 °C
- pH:
- >= 5.7 - <= 5.77
- Remarks on result:
- other: pH 6 24-hr scoping study. Test Duration; 24 Hours, PdO.H2O Loading; 100 mg/L, σ = 0.8 µg/L, σ % = 10, Temperature Range; 21.8 - 22.0 ºC, DO; 4.4 - 11.4 mg/L
- Water solubility:
- 6.5 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 22.3 °C
- pH:
- >= 8.3 - <= 8.49
- Remarks on result:
- other: pH 8.5 24-hr scoping study. Test Duration; 24 Hours, PdO.H2O Loading; 100 mg/L, σ = 0.1 µg/L, σ % = 2. Temperature Range; 21.7 - 22.6 ºC, DO; 3.3 - 10.8 mg/L
- Water solubility:
- 0 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 22.1 °C
- pH:
- >= 5.35 - <= 6.34
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test Duration; 28 Days, PdO.H2O Loading; 1 mg/L. Concentration at 168 hours reported. σ = 0.0 µg/L, Temperature Range; 21.2 - 22.6 ºC, DO; 4.1 - 12.6 mg/L
- Water solubility:
- 0 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 22.1 °C
- pH:
- >= 5.35 - <= 6.34
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test Duration; 28 Days, PdO.H2O Loading; 1 mg/L. Concentration at 672 hours reported. σ = 0.0 µg/L, Temperature Range; 21.2 - 22.6 ºC, DO; 4.1 - 12.6 mg/L
- Water solubility:
- 8 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 22.4 °C
- pH:
- >= 5.71 - <= 6.24
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test Duration; 7 Days, PdO.H2O Loading; 10 mg/L, σ = 1.0 µg/L, σ % = 13, Temperature Range; 22.1 - 22.6 ºC, DO; 7.4 - 9.1 mg/L
- Water solubility:
- 98.9 µg/L
- Temp.:
- 22.3 °C
- pH:
- >= 5.76 - <= 6.12
- Remarks on result:
- other: Test Duration; 7 Days, PdO.H2O Loading; 100 mg/L, σ = 5.3 µg/L, σ % = 5, Temperature Range; 22.0 - 22.5 ºC, DO; 6.7 - 9.4 mg/L
- Details on results:
- In the 24 hour scoping tests, hydrous palladium oxide was soluble, with net changes being 7.6 and 6.5 µg/L for pH 6 and pH 8 respectively. Since both values were less than the ERV, the definitve test were perfromed at pH 6. The T/D data from the definitive test show that net concentration changes for PdO were 8 µg/L (σ % = 13) and 98.9 µg/L (σ % = 5) after 7 days for 10 and 100 mg PdO.H2O/L loadings at pH 6 respectively.
- Conclusions:
- In the 24 hour scoping tests, hydrous palladium oxide was soluble, with net changes being 7.6 and 6.5 µg/L for pH 6 and pH 8 respectively. Since both values were less than the ERV, the definitve test were perfromed at pH 6. The T/D data from the definitive test show that net concentration changes for PdO were 8 µg/L (σ % = 13) and 98.9 µg/L (σ % = 5) after 7 days for 10 and 100 mg PdO.H2O/L loadings at pH 6 respectively.
- Executive summary:
This is a guideline experimental study, of unknown GLP status, there are minor restrictions in design and/or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment as a key study for this endpoint. In the 24 hour scoping tests, hydrous palladium oxide was soluble, with net changes being 7.6 and 6.5 µg/L for pH 6 and pH 8 respectively. Since both values were less than the ERV, the definitve test were perfromed at pH 6. The T/D data from the definitive test show that net concentration changes for PdO were 8 µg/L (σ % = 13) and 98.9 µg/L (σ % = 5) after 7 days for 10 and 100 mg PdO.H2O/L loadings at pH 6 respectively.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
In the definitive T/D tests, performed at pH 6, the net concentration changes for palladium dihydroxide were 0.01, 0.21 µg/L and 0.4 µg/L after 7 days for 1, 10 and 100 mg palladium dihydroxide loadings, respectively. After 28 days, at a loading rate of 1 mg/L, the concentration was 0.13 µg/L. In a second test with a sample considered to be equivalent to palladium dihydroxide results were < LOQ (0.1 µg/L), 8 µg/L and 98.9 µg/L, after 7 days at loading rates of 1, 10 and 100 mg/L, respectively. After 28 days, at a loading rate of 1 mg/L, measured palladium concentrations were <LOQ (0.1 µg/L).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Water solubility:
- 0.13 µg/L
- at the temperature of:
- 22.1 °C
Additional information
Skeaff and Beaudoin (2012) is a non-GLP, guideline transformation / dissolution study and is suitable for use as a key study for this endpoint. In the 24-hour scoping tests, palladium hydroxide was at or below analytical limits, with net concentration changes being 0.1 and 0.0 µg/L for pH 6 and pH 8 respectively. The definitive test was performed at pH 6. The T/D data from the definitive test show that net concentration changes for palladium dihydroxide were 0.01, 0.21 µg/L and 0.4 µg/L after 7 days for 1, 10 and 100 mg palladium dihydroxide loadings, respectively. After 28 days, at a loading rate of 1 mg/L, the concentration was 0.13 µg/L.
Testing has also been conducted on a sample of ‘palladium monoxide (hydrate)’. Further assessment of the substance identity of the test item indicated that based on the analytical data this sample was the same substance as palladium dihydroxide. Studies conducted on the sample of ‘palladium monoxide (hydrate)’ are therefore included in the dossier for palladium dihydroxide. Skeaff and Beaudoin (2012) is a non-GLP, guideline transformation / dissolution study conducted with palladium monoxide (hydrate). The study is considered to be suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. In the definitive T/D test performed with ‘palladium monoxide (hydrate)’, performed at pH 6, the net concentration changes for ‘palladium monoxide (hydrate)’ were <LOQ (0.1 µg/L), 8 µg/L and 98.9 µg/L, after 7 days at loading rates of 1, 10 and 100 mg/L, respectively. After 28 days, at a loading rate of 1 mg/L, measured palladium concentrations were <LOQ (0.1 µg/L).
Water solubility testing was also conducted with palladium monoxide (hydrate) in a GLP compliant, guideline study (O’Connor and Woolley 2011). The study determined that the concentration of palladium monoxide (hydrate) in solution was less than 5.0 x 10-5g/L of palladium at 20.0 ± 0.5°C. This was equivalent to a palladium monoxide solubility of less than 6.6 x 10-5g/l of solution at 20.0 ±0.5°C.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.