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Physical & Chemical properties

Particle size distribution (Granulometry)

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Reference
Endpoint:
particle size distribution (granulometry)
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: This is a guideline experimental study, of unknown GLP status, minor restirictions in the design and/or reporting but otherwise accepatable for assessment.
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: ISO 9277:2010(E)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: AA_LP_814_BET_08
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: ISO 14488:2007(E)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: ISO 13320:2009(E)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: SAA_Troken_DISP, SAA LB2000
GLP compliance:
not specified
Type of method:
Laser scattering/diffraction
Type of distribution:
other: dry dispersion
Percentile:
D50
Remarks on result:
other: Migrated from fields under 'Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.
Percentile:
D10
Mean:
0.27 µm
Remarks on result:
other: Range; 0.27 - 0.28 µm
Percentile:
D50
Mean:
0.67 µm
Remarks on result:
other: Range; 0.67 - 0.68 µm
Percentile:
D90
Mean:
12.1 µm
Remarks on result:
other: Range; 10.1 - 14.1 µm

Mean specific surface area N-BET = 133  ± 1.5 m2/g.

Table 1: N-BET analysis data and percentiles calculated from the particle size distribution for palladium

   Analysis 1  Analysis 2  Analysis 3  Average
 Specific surface area N-BET (m2/g)  133 ± 1.2  133 ± 1.2    133 ± 1.5
 X10;3 (μm)  0.27 0.28   0.27  0.27
 X50;3 (μm)  0.68  0.67  0.67  0.67
 X90;3 (μm)  11.9 10.1   14.1  12.1
Conclusions:
The average 10th, 50th and 90th percentile particle sizes for palladium dihydroxid were 0.27, 0.67 and 12.1 μm, respectively. The average specific surface area was determined as 133 ± 1.5 m2/g.
Executive summary:

This is a guideline experimental study, of unknown GLP status, minor restirictions in the design and/or reporting but otherwise accepatable as the key study for this endpoint. The average 10th, 50th and 90th percentile particle sizes for palladium dihydroxid were 0.27, 0.67 and 12.1 μm, respectively. The average specific surface area was determined as 133 ± 1.5 m2/g.

Description of key information

The average 10th, 50th and 90th percentile particle sizes for palladium dihydroxide were 0.27, 0.67 and 12.1 μm, respectively. The average specific surface area was determined as 133 ± 1.5 m2/g.

Additional information

Potthoff (2012) is a non-GLP, guideline experimental study, and is suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The average 10th, 50th and 90th percentile particle sizes for palladium dihydroxide were 0.27, 0.67 and 12.1 μm, respectively. The average specific surface area was determined as 133 ± 1.5 m2/g.

Walker and White (2011) is a GLP compliant, guideline study providing a screening assessment of particle size for palladium dihydroxide. The proportion of palladium dihydroxide < 100 μm was 13.1 %.

Testing has also been conducted on a sample of ‘palladium monoxide (hydrate)’. Further assessment of the substance identity of the test item indicated that based on the analytical data this sample was the same substance as palladium dihydroxide. Studies conducted on the sample of ‘palladium monoxide (hydrate)’ are therefore included in the dossier for palladium dihydroxide. The particle size distribution of palladium monoxide (hydrate) was measured using Microtrac X-100 as part of a transformation / dissolution study (Skeaff and Beaudoin 2012). The results are considered to be suitable for use for this endpoint. The particle size distribution of palladium monoxide (hydrate) was determined and showed 50% of particles <62.3 µm.

Specific surface area was determine using a Micromeretics Flowsorb II BET gas adsorption desorption technique. Specific surface area for palladium monoxide (hydrate) was determined to be 0.93 m2/g (calculated from particle size) and 7.93 m2/g (measured by BET).

A screening assessment of particle size was conducted for a sample of palladium monoxide (hydrate) in a GLP compliant, guideline study (O'Connor and Woolley 2011). The proportion of palladium monoxide (hydrated solid) < 100 μm is 26.8%

The dustiness of palladium dihydroxide was tested in a modified Heubach procedure according to the guideline DIN 55992-1:2006 (Selck and Parr 2011). The study is non-GLP, but follows a standard guideline and is considered to be reliable. The total dustiness of palladium dihydroxide was determined to be 138.92 mg/g. The inhalable fraction was 83.16 mg/g, the thoracic fraction was 14.97 mg/g and the respirable fraction was 3.16 mg/g. The Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) was 29.77 μm with Geometric Standard Deviation of 2.13 μm.