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EC number: 218-451-9 | CAS number: 2155-60-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 14 November 2015 to 08 December 2015
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- (1992)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)
- Version / remarks:
- (2008)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO 7346-2 (Water quality – Determination of the acute lethal toxicity of items to a freshwater fish [Brachydanio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)])
- Version / remarks:
- (1996)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult items and mixtures, OECD series on testing and assessment number 23
- Version / remarks:
- (2000)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Not completely soluble in test medium at 100 mg/L
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations sampled: all test concentrations;
-- At the start of the test (t=0h) and after 72 hours (t=72h) from the freshly prepared solutions
-- At the first renewal (t=24h) and at the end of the test (t=96h) from the 24-hour old solutions
- Volume: 2.0 mL from the approximate centre of the test vessels
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: in a freezer - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Preparation of test solutions started with a loading rate of 100 mg/L. A magnetic stirring period of two days was applied to ensure reaching maximum dissolution in test medium. The resulting dispersion was left to settle for one hour after which the clear and colourless Water Soluble Fraction (WSF) was collected. Lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the WSF in test medium. The final test solutions were all clear and colourless.
- Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinus carpio
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Carp
- Source: Zodiac, proefacc, "De Haar Vissen", Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands
- Characteristics: F1 from a single parent-pair bred in UV-treated water
- Mean length at study initiation:
-- Range-finding test: 2.1 ± 0.1 cm
-- Final test: 2.2 ± 0.2 cm
- Mean weight at study initiation:
-- Range-finding test: 0.14 ± 0.05 g
-- Final test: 0.20 ± 0.08 g
ACCLIMATION
Acclimation period: At least 12 days after delivery
FEEDING
Daily with pelleted fish food (Essence (300-500 um), Coppens International bv, Helmond, The Netherlands).
FEEDING DURING TEST
No feeding for 24 hours prior to the test and during the total test period. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 180 mg CaCO3 per litre
- Test temperature:
- 20.6 - 21.9 °C
- pH:
- 7.4 - 7.8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.3 - 9.9 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10% of a WSF, prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L
- Calculated average exposure concentrations: 0.64, 1.2, 2.0, 3.5 and 7.0 mg/L (measured) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 3.5 litres, all-glass, containing 3 litres of test solution
- Aeration: The test media were not aerated during the test
- Renewal rate of test solution: daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.47 g fish/Litre, i.e. 7 fish per 3 litres of test medium
TEST MEDIUM
Adjusted ISO medium with a hardness of 180 mg CaCO3 per litre and a pH of 7.7 ± 0.3, formulated using
RO-water (tap water purified by reverse osmosis; GEON Waterbehandeling, The Netherlands) with the following composition:
CaCl2.2H2O: 211.5 mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O: 88.8 mg/L
NaHCO3: 46.7 mg/L
KCL: 4.2 mg/L
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours photoperiod daily
RANGE FINDING STUDY (STATIC EXPOSURE):
- Test concentrations: 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100% of a WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L (3 fish/concentration)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study:
-- No mortality or clinical effects were observed in test groups representing 0.10 and 1.0% of the WSF
-- All fish died within 24 hours in the test groups representing 10 and 100% WSF
-- Based on these results, samples taken from 1.0 and 100% WSF were analysed. The initial measured concentrations were 0.74 and 73 mg/L, respectively for 1.0 and 100% WSF.
-- The concentration measured in the highest test group decreased only slightly to 66 mg/L during the test period. However, the concentration measured in the group containing 1.0% WSF decreased significantly to 0.34 mg/L.
-- The expected LC50 was therefore between actual exposure concentrations of 0.7 and 7 mg/L (based on initial exposure concentrations).
-- It was decided to continue testing with daily renewals as to maintain concentrations stable in the final study - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- (yearly sensitivity check using pentachlorophenol)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reached already after 72 hours of exposure; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 - 2.0 mg/L
- Details on results:
- - Analysis of the samples taken during the final test showed that measured concentrations decreased slightly during the 24-hour renewal intervals. The average decreases ranged between 20 and 35% relative to the initial measured concentrations. Based on these results, the average exposure concentrations were calculated (see below). The range tested based on average measured concentrations corresponded with 0.64, 1.2, 2.0, 3.5 and 7.0 mg/L.
- Mortality data: see below - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- In the latest sensitivity check, performed in the period 4 - 8 January 2016, a 96h-LC50 of 0.24 mg/L was determined for carp exposed to pentachlorophenol. This is within the range observed during the past years.
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Measured concentrations:
Test group
(%WSF)
Measured concentration (mg/L)
Average
(mg/L)
t=0h
t=24h
t=72h
t=96h
1.0
0.765
0.547
0.725
0.541
0.64
1.8
1.33
0.957
1.37
1.03
1.2
3.2
2.45
1.58
n.d.
n.d.
2.0
5.6
4.20
2.84
n.d.
n.d.
3.5
10
7.69
6.29
n.d
n.d.
7.0
n.d.: not determined (fish had died within 24 hours)
Incidence of mortality and total mortality during the final test:
Concentration
(mg/L)
Initial number of fish
Cumulative mortality
Total mortality
(%)
3¾h
24h
48h
72h
96h
Control
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.64
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.0
7
0
0
0
7
7
100
3.5
7
0
4
6
7
7
100
7.0
7
0
7
7
7
7
100
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a study performed in accordance with OECD 203 (1992) and according to GLP principles, an 96h-LC50 of 1.5 mg/L was determined, based on average measured exposure concentrations.
- Executive summary:
In a study performed in accordance with OECD 203 (1992) and according to GLP principles, the acute toxicity of the substance to carp was investigated. As the substance was not completely soluble in test medium at 100 mg/L, preparation of test solutions started with a loading rate of 100 mg/L. A magnetic stirring period of two days was applied to ensure reaching maximum dissolution in test medium. The resulting dispersion was left to settle for one hour after which the clear and colourless Water Soluble Fraction (WSF) was collected. Lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the WSF in test medium. A semi-static final test was performed based on the results of a preceding static combined limit/rangefinding test. Seven carp per test group were exposed to an untreated control and to test groups representing 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10% of a WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L. Test solutions were daily renewed during the 96-hour test period. Samples for analytical confirmation of actual exposure concentrations were taken from freshly prepared solutions at t=0h and t=72h, while 24-hour old solutions were sampled at t=24h and t=96h. Analysis of the samples taken during the final test showed that measured concentrations decreased slightly during the 24-hour renewal intervals. The average decreases ranged between 20 and 35% relative to the initial measured concentrations. Based on these results, the average exposure concentrations were calculated to be 0.64, 1.2, 2.0, 3.5 and 7.0 mg/L. The study met the acceptability criteria. Based on the results of the test, an 96h-LC50 of 1.5 mg/L was determined based on average measured exposure concentrations (95% confidence interval between 1.2 and 2.0 mg/L) and was already reached after 72 hours of exposure.
Reference
Description of key information
In a study performed in accordance with OECD 203 (1992) and according to GLP principles, an 96h-LC50 of 1.5 mg/L was determined, based on average measured exposure concentrations.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 1.5 mg/L
Additional information
In a study performed in accordance with OECD 203 (1992) and according to GLP principles, the acute toxicity of the substance to carp was investigated. As the substance was not completely soluble in test medium at 100 mg/L, preparation of test solutions started with a loading rate of 100 mg/L. A magnetic stirring period of two days was applied to ensure reaching maximum dissolution in test medium. The resulting dispersion was left to settle for one hour after which the clear and colourless Water Soluble Fraction (WSF) was collected. Lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the WSF in test medium. A semi-static final test was performed based on the results of a preceding static combined limit/rangefinding test. Seven carp per test group were exposed to an untreated control and to test groups representing 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10% of a WSF prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L. Test solutions were daily renewed during the 96-hour test period. Samples for analytical confirmation of actual exposure concentrations were taken from freshly prepared solutions at t=0h and t=72h, while 24-hour old solutions were sampled at t=24h and t=96h. Analysis of the samples taken during the final test showed that measured concentrations decreased slightly during the 24-hour renewal intervals. The average decreases ranged between 20 and 35% relative to the initial measured concentrations. Based on these results, the average exposure concentrations were calculated to be 0.64, 1.2, 2.0, 3.5 and 7.0 mg/L. The study met the acceptability criteria. Based on the results of the test, an 96h-LC50 of 1.5 mg/L was determined based on average measured exposure concentrations (95% confidence interval between 1.2 and 2.0 mg/L) and was already reached after 72 hours of exposure.
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