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EC number: 216-885-3 | CAS number: 1689-99-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 15 Feb - 08 Mar, 1991
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 72-4 (Fish Early Life-Stage and Aquatic Invertebrate Life-Cycle Studies)
- Version / remarks:
- 1985
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Sampling procedures included syphoning (using silicone tubing) from the midpoint of the test container into graduated cylinders for volumes greater than 200 mL, and pipetting (using volumetric pipets) from the midpoint ofthe test container for sample volumes less than or equal to 200 mL All sample volumes are transferred directly into 250-mL screw cap bottles.
It was deemed necessary to add 1 mL of 1M NaOH to the collection/reaction bottle immediately following collection of samples. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- acetone
- Details on test solutions:
- A diluter stock solution of 2.9 mg a.i./mL was prepared by dissolving 0.150 grams (g) of test item (0.1458 grams as active ingredient) with acetone to a volume of 50 mL in a volumetric flask. The resulting stock solution was observed to be a clear, colorless solution with no visible signs of undissolved test material.
0.0066 ml of the stock solution was delivred into 385 mL of dilution water in the system's mixing chamber during each diluter cycle. The solution within the mixing chamber was continuously stirred with a magnetic stirrer. This 385 mL solution served as the highest treatment level (50 µg a.i./L, nominal) from which calibrated volumes were diluted to provide the 50% nominal concentration gradient (25 to 3.1 µg a.i./L). In addition to the five concentrations of test item, a dilution water control and a solvent control solution were maintained during the study. All treatments and controls were maintained in quadruplicate.
The solvent control solution contained the greatest amount of acetone present in any treatment level (0.017 mL/L) - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Daphnids were cultured under static renewal conditions (20 ± 2 °C) in well water fortified.
Daphnids were fed daily a combination of green algae (Ankistrodesmus falcatus) and a trout food suspension. Food sources were considered to be acceptable since the total concentration of pesticides was less than 0.3 mg/kg.
Offspring produced during the 24-hour period prior to the start of the chronic exposure were used to initiate the study. - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- 170 - 180 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21°C
- pH:
- 7.9 - 8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.5 - 8.9 mg/L
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Conductivity:
- 500 µmhos/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 3.1, 6.3, 13, 25 and 50 µg a.i./L
Mean measured concentrations in phenol equivalents: 1.7, 2.5, 5.9, 12 and 23 µg a.i./L
Mean measured concentrations in octanoate equivalents: 2.5, 3.6, 8.6, 17.5 and 33.5 µg a.i./L - Details on test conditions:
- Test vessels were glass battery jars having a volume capacity of 1.6 liters. Test solutions drained from each vessel through a 2 cm hole located approximately 15 cm from the bottom of the jars to maintain a solution volume of approximately 1.4 liters. Test solutions were delivered to the vessels at an approximate rate of 6 aquarium volumes per 24-hour period in order to provide a 90% test solution replacement rate of approximately 9 hours.
The test area was illuminated at an intensity of 24 to 56 footcandles and a photoperiod of 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness.
40 Daphnia magna (< 24 hours old) were impartially selected and distributed to each of the test concentrations and controls (10 per replicate).
During the exposure, the food was introduced at a rate of 2.0 mL of the trout food suspension (5 mg/mL), 3.0 mL of algal suspension.
Adult survival was recorded on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17, 19 and 21. Measurements of offspring production were recorded on days 7, 10, 12, 14, 17, 19 and 21. At each observation interval, the offspring were removed, counted and discarded. The total body length and dry weight of all surviving adult organisms was measured at test termination. - Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.6 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Based on Bromoxynil octanoate recalculated from Bromoxynil phenol
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2.5 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: Bromoxynil phenol
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- mentioned in the report according to EPA 72-4
- Conclusions:
- The present guideline study was conducted in compliance with GLP. Under the test conditions used, the NOEC 21-day for Daphnia magna was 3.6 µg a.i./L.
Reference
Please refer to "overall remark/ attached background material" field for analytical tables.
Table 1: Cumulative mean percentage survival for parental daphnids (Daphnia magna) during the 21 day chronic exposure to Bromoxynil octanoate
Concentration [µg/L] |
% mean cumulative survival |
|||||||||||
nominal |
mean measured |
Day |
||||||||||
octanoate equivalents |
phenol equivalentsa |
octanoate equivalentsb |
1 |
2 |
4 |
7 |
10 |
12 |
14 |
17 |
19 |
21 |
50 |
23 |
33.5 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
95 |
88 |
85 |
85 |
85 |
85* |
25 |
12 |
17.5 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
93 |
93 |
93 |
93 |
13 |
5.9 |
8.6 |
100 |
93 |
93 |
90 |
90 |
90 |
90 |
88 |
88 |
88 |
6.3 |
2.5 |
3.6 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
3.1 |
1.7 |
2.5 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
solvent control |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
||
control |
100 |
100 |
100 |
98 |
95 |
95 |
95 |
95 |
95 |
95 |
||
pooled control |
100 |
100 |
100 |
99 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
aas originally reported (without reconversion into octanoate equivalents
bafter reconversion into octanoate equivalents with factor 1.455
*statistically different (p <0.05) as compared to pooled control
Table 2: Cumulative number of offspring produced per female daphnid during the 21 day chronic exposure to Bromoxynil octanoate
Concentration [µg/L] |
% mean cumulative number of offspring/femalea |
||||||||
nominal |
mean measured |
Day |
|||||||
(octanoate equivalents) |
(phenol equivalents)a |
(octanoate equivalents)b |
7 |
10 |
12 |
14 |
17 |
19 |
21 |
50 |
23 |
33.5 |
0 |
5 |
17 |
31 |
40 |
46 |
51d |
25 |
12 |
17.5 |
0 |
1 |
7 |
38 |
64 |
67 |
87* |
13 |
5.9 |
8.6 |
1 |
9 |
38 |
74 |
126 |
130 |
180* |
6.3 |
2.5 |
3.6 |
1 |
20 |
48 |
104 |
175 |
182 |
246 |
3.1 |
1.7 |
2.5 |
0 |
16 |
41 |
93 |
170 |
172 |
246 |
solvent control |
0 |
15 |
45 |
104 |
174 |
174 |
246 |
||
control |
0 |
14 |
44 |
104 |
168 |
170 |
246 |
||
pooled controlsc |
0 |
15 |
45 |
104 |
171 |
172 |
246 |
aas originally reported (without reconversion into octanoate equivalents
bafter reconversion into octanoate equivalents with factor 1.455
cno statistically significant difference between the control and solvent control, therefore effects on reproduction evaluated against the pooled control and solvent control data.
dSince
survival was adversely affected for this treatment level , reproduction
data was not statistically evaluated
*Significantly
(p ≤ 0.05) different as compared to the pooled control organisms.
Table 3: Length and weight of parental daphnids after the 21 day chronic exposure to Bromoxynil octanoate
Concentration [µg/L] |
mean length [mm] (S.D) |
mean weight [mg] (S.D) |
||
nominal |
mean measured |
|||
(octanoate equivalents) |
(phenol equivalents)a |
(octanoate equivalents)b |
||
50 |
23 |
33.5 |
4.0 (0.4)d |
0.66 (0.17)d |
25 |
12 |
17.5 |
4.9 (0.2)* |
1.32 (0.14)* |
13 |
5.9 |
8.6 |
5.2 (0.2)* |
1.74 (0.14)* |
6.3 |
2.5 |
3.6 |
5.5 (0.1) |
1.88 (0.12) |
3.1 |
1.7 |
2.5 |
5.6 (0.1) |
1.95 (0.14) |
solvent controlc |
5.6 (0.1) |
1.91 (0.09) |
||
control |
5.5 (0.1) |
1.84 (0.13) |
||
pooled controlsc |
NA |
1.88 (0.12) |
a as originally reported (without reconversion into octanoate equivalents
b after reconversion into octanoate equivalents with factor 1.455
c Statistical analysis compared treatment levels to the solvent control for length measurements, and to the pooled control for weight measurements.
d Since survival was adversely affected at this treatment level length and weight data was not statistically evaluated
*Significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different compared to the solvent control (length) or the pooled control (weight)
Description of key information
From long-term key study, the 21-day NOEC for aquatic invertebrates exposed to the present test material was 0.0036 mg a.i./L in freshwater.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect concentration:
- ca. 0.004 mg/L
Additional information
The long-term effects of the substance towards aquatic invertebrates were examined in a 21-day toxicity test with Daphnia magna under flow-through conditions (1991). The study was carried out according to GLP and EPA OPP 72-4 guidelines. Daphnia were exposed to mean measured concentrations of 0.0025, 0.0036, 0.0086, 0.0175 and 0.0335 mg a.i./L, alongside with a control. Based on this study, the 21d NOEC reproduction for aquatic invertebrates exposed to test substance in the freshwater was 0.0036 mg a.i./L.
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