Glutaric acid

Toxicological Summary

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

11.52 mg/m³

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

75

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEC

Value:

863.95 mg/m³

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

As the NOAEL was obtained on rats using the oral route, it must be corrected for an inhalation exposure of workers, taking into account that workers are considered to be working 8h/d, with inhalative volumes for 8h/d defined in the ECHA Guidance at 6.7m3 for base level activity and 10m3 for light activity.

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * ((ABS(oral-rat) / ABS(inhalation-human))) * (sRV(human) / wRV)

Where ABS = Absorption, sRV = standard Respiratory Volume, and wRV = worker Respiratory Volume. Absorptions by inhalation and oral route are not known, therefore in order to propose a conservative approach and as no actual absorption values are available, it was considered that oral absorption in the rat was 50% less effective than the human absorption by inhalation in accordance with ECHA Guidance.

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * ((ABS(oral-rat) / ABS(inhalation-human))) * (sRV(human) / wRV)

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * 0.5 * (sRV(human) / wRV)

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = 980 mg/kg bw * (1 / 0.38m3/kg) * 0.5 * (6.7m3 / 10m3)

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = 863.95 mg/m3

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

Subacute exposure to chronic exposure

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for intraspecies differences:

5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

69.12 mg/m³

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

12.5

DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEC

Value:

863.95 mg/m³

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

In order to derive DNELs for inhalation from a repeated-dose toxicity study by the oral route, a conversion must be made in order to take into account the differences between the routes and between experimental and human exposure.

As the NOAEL was obtained on rats using the oral route, it must be corrected for an inhalation exposure of workers, taking into account that workers are considered to be working 8h/d, with inhalative volumes for 8h/d defined in the ECHA Guidance at 6.7m3 for base level activity and 10m3 for light activity.

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * ((ABS(oral-rat) / ABS(inhalation-human))) * (sRV(human) / wRV)

Where ABS = Absorption, sRV = standard Respiratory Volume, and wRV = worker Respiratory Volume. Absorptions by inhalation and oral route are not known, therefore in order to propose a conservative approach and as no actual absorption values are available, it was considered that oral absorption in the rat was 50% less effective than the human absorption by inhalation in accordance with ECHA Guidance.

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * ((ABS(oral-rat) / ABS(inhalation-human))) * (sRV(human) / wRV)

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * 0.5 * (sRV(human) / wRV)

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = 980 mg/kg bw * (1 / 0.38m3/kg) * 0.5 * (6.7m3 / 10m3)

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = 863.95 mg/m3

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for intraspecies differences:

5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

high hazard (no threshold derived)

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

high hazard (no threshold derived)

DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

3.27 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

300

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

980 mg/kg bw/day

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= NOAEL_(oral-rat)* ((ABS_(oral-rat) / ABS_(dermal-rat)))

Absorptions by dermal and oral routes are not known. On the assumption that, in general, dermal absorption will not be higher than oral absorption, no default factor should be introduced when performing oral-to-dermal extrapolation.

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= NOAEL_(oral-rat)* ((ABS_(dermal-rat) / ABS_(oral-human)))

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= NOAEL_(oral-rat)* 1

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= 980 mg/kg/day * 1

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= 980 mg/kg/day

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

Subacute exposure to chronic exposure

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

Rats to Humans

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for intraspecies differences:

5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

19.6 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

50

DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

980 mg/kg bw/day

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= NOAEL_(oral-rat)* ((ABS_(oral-rat) / ABS_(dermal-rat)))

Absorptions by dermal and oral routes are not known. On the assumption that, in general, dermal absorption will not be higher than oral absorption, no default factor should be introduced when performing oral-to-dermal extrapolation.

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= NOAEL_(oral-rat)* ((ABS_(dermal-rat) / ABS_(oral-human)))

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= NOAEL_(oral-rat)* 1

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= 980 mg/kg/day * 1

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= 980 mg/kg/day

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

Rats to Humans

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for intraspecies differences:

5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

high hazard (no threshold derived)

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

high hazard (no threshold derived)

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:

medium hazard (no threshold derived)

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

2.84 mg/m³

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

150

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEC

Value:

426.09 mg/m³

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

As the NOAEL was obtained on rats using the oral route, it must be corrected for an inhalation exposure of the general population, taking into account that the general population is considered as being exposed 24h/d. A sRV(rat) of 1.15m3/kg is used in order to consider this 24h/d exposure. Absorptions by inhalation and oral route are not known, therefore it was considered that oral absorption in the rat was 50% less effective than the human absorption by inhalation in accordance with ECHA Guidance.

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * ((ABS(oral-rat) / ABS(inhalation-human)))

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * 0.5

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = 980 mg/kg bw * (1 / 1.15m3/kg) * 0.5

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = 426.09 mg/m3

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

Subacute exposure to chronic exposure

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

17.04 mg/m³

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

25

DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEC

Value:

426.09 mg/m³

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

As the NOAEL was obtained on rats using the oral route, it must be corrected for an inhalation exposure of the general population, taking into account that the general population is considered as being exposed 24h/d. A sRV(rat) of 1.15m3/kg is used in order to consider this 24h/d exposure. Absorptions by inhalation and oral route are not known, therefore it was considered that oral absorption in the rat was 50% less effective than the human absorption by inhalation in accordance with ECHA Guidance.

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * ((ABS(oral-rat) / ABS(inhalation-human)))

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * 0.5

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = 980 mg/kg bw * (1 / 1.15m3/kg) * 0.5

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = 426.09 mg/m3

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

high hazard (no threshold derived)

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

high hazard (no threshold derived)

DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

1.63 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

600

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

980 mg/kg bw/day

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= NOAEL_(oral-rat)* ((ABS_(oral-rat) / ABS_(dermal-rat)))

Absorptions by dermal and oral routes are not known. On the assumption that, in general, dermal absorption will not be higher than oral absorption, no default factor should be introduced when performing oral-to-dermal extrapolation.

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= NOAEL_(oral-rat)* ((ABS_(dermal-rat) / ABS_(oral-human)))

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= NOAEL_(oral-rat)* 1

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= 980 mg/kg/day * 1

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}=980 mg/kg/day

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

Subacute exposure to chronic exposure

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

Rats to Humans

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

9.8 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

100

DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL

Modified dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

980 mg/kg bw/day

Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= NOAEL_(oral-rat)* ((ABS_(oral-rat) / ABS_(dermal-rat)))

Absorptions by dermal and oral routes are not known. On the assumption that, in general, dermal absorption will not be higher than oral absorption, no default factor should be introduced when performing oral-to-dermal extrapolation.

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= NOAEL_(oral-rat)* ((ABS_(dermal-rat) / ABS_(oral-human)))

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= NOAEL_(oral-rat)* 1

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}= 980 mg/kg/day * 1

Corrected NOAEL_{(systemic-dermal)}=980 mg/kg/day

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

Rats to Humans

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Local effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

high hazard (no threshold derived)

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

high hazard (no threshold derived)

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

1.63 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

600

Dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

980 mg/kg bw/day

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for differences in duration of exposure:

6

Justification:

Subacute exposure to chronic exposure

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

Rats to Humans

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Acute/short term exposure

Hazard assessment conclusion:

DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)

Value:

9.8 mg/kg bw/day

Most sensitive endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity

Route of original study:

Oral

DNEL related information

DNEL derivation method:

ECHA REACH Guidance

Overall assessment factor (AF):

100

DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL

Dose descriptor starting point:

NOAEL

Value:

980 mg/kg bw/day

AF for dose response relationship:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):

4

Justification:

Rats to Humans

AF for other interspecies differences:

2.5

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for intraspecies differences:

10

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for the quality of the whole database:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

AF for remaining uncertainties:

1

Justification:

ECHA REACH Guidance

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:

medium hazard (no threshold derived)