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EC number: 212-985-6 | CAS number: 901-44-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2005
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- None
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- 250 µL test medium were sampled in each beaker at 0 and 48 hours, making a total of 1mL medium per treatment per sampling time. Samples were analysed immediately after collection.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- 80mg of the tested substance was weighed, added to 2000 mL of dilution water and stirred for 67 hours and 20 minutes. Furthermore, ad-hoc dissolution work was performed ultrasonically (about 4×/5 minutes) during the stirring period. Filtering (GF75, 0.3µm) was performed after the conclusion of stirring, and this filtrate was treated as the stock solution. The tested substance concentration of this stock solution was measured and this was treated as the saturation concentration (28.6 mg/L). Dilution water into which the tested substance had not been added was used for the control group. The preparation of the test medium was performed just prior to the start of the trial. Tested concentrations were all prepared by dilution of the stock solution.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- The testing used Daphnia magna juveniles within 24 hours postpartum. The species was obtained from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, and used after domestication in this testing facility. Visibly healthy and sufficiently large adult females holding juveniles in the subculture were selected, and moved to a separately prepared beaker. When juveniles were obtained from these females, these were put into a new beaker. These juveniles were treated as the parents of the test Daphnia magna, and were domesticated for a 2~4 week period prior to testing. When the juveniles appeared mature and ready to reproduce, the water was replaced at least 2 times a week and the juveniles were removed. After 2 weeks of domestication, the water was replaced prior to the start of the experiment, and the juveniles produced the next day (within 24-hours) were used in the testing (Domestication Lot No.: 050327-1). This lot was free of dead bodies, dormant eggs, and males.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- None.
- Post exposure observation period:
- None.
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- 19.8°C (constant throughout the test)
- pH:
- 7.4 - 7.7 (min - max)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.2 - 7.8 mg/L
- Salinity:
- Freshwater.
- Conductivity:
- No data.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0 ; 10 ; 13 ; 16.9 ; 22 ; 28.6 mg/L (the solution were based on a unique stock solution at 28.6 mg/L and a spacing factor of 1.3)
Measured concentrations: 0 ; 11.8 ; 15.3 ; 19.5 ; 26.3 ; 33.6 mg/L
Results were based on nominal concentration because measured concentrations were in the [80-120]% range of the nominal concentrations. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass-beakers of 200 mL, filled with 100 mL.
- Aeration: Unknown but oxygen was kept well above the recommended threshold.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16L:8D
- Light intensity: Unknown
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Immobilization.
The number of immobile Daphnia magna was recorded at 24 and 48 hours after experiment start. Immobolity was defined as the lack of ability to swim after gentle agitation of the flasks for 15 seconds. Daphnia only able to move along the bottom of the beaker or on the surface of the water were considered as immobile (for water surface, daphnia were considered immobile if and only if the daphnia rose up again after having been forcibly sunk into the water by an operation such as dropping of water droplets. In addition, even in cases of pelagic swimming, daphnia were considered as immobile if they swam in the water not more than 1 time within the 15 seconds. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 28.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- No mortality was recorded in any beaker after 48 hours. Therefore, the 48h-EC50 was considered as superior to 28.6 mg/L.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Potassium dichromate 48h-EC50 was 0.24 mg/L.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No immobility was observed in any vessel. Statistics were deemed inapplicable.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A GLP test following a protocol equivalent to OECD 202 guideline was conducted on Daphnia magna neonates (< 24 hours old). Tested concentrations were 0 ; 10 ; 13 ; 16.9 ; 22 ; 28.6 mg/L. They were in agreement with measured values at 0 and 48 hours. No immobility was observed in any beaker after 48 hours exposure. Therefore, the 48h-EC50 was considered as superior to 28.6 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A GLP test following a protocol equivalent to OECD 202 guideline was conducted on Daphnia magna neonates (< 24 hours old). Tested concentrations were 0 ; 10 ; 13 ; 16.9 ; 22 ; 28.6 mg/L (spacing factor of 1.3). All groups were tested in quadruplicate (test vessel) and 5 daphnid neonates were introduced by test vessel. The nominal concentrations were in agreement with the concentrations measured at 0 and 48 hours. Immobility was checked every 24 hour by gentle agitation of the test vessels. No immobility was observed in any vessel after 48 hours exposure. Therefore, the 48h-EC50 was considered as superior to 28.6 mg/L.
Reference
Description of key information
A GLP test following a protocol equivalent to OECD 202 guideline was conducted on Daphnia magna neonates (< 24 hours old). Tested concentrations were 0 ; 10 ; 13 ; 16.9 ; 22 ; 28.6 mg/L (spacing factor of 1.3). All groups were tested in quadruplicate (test vessel) and 5 daphnid neonates were introduced by test vessel. The nominal concentrations were in agreement with the concentrations measured at 0 and 48 hours. Immobility was checked every 24 hour by gentle agitation of the test vessels. No immobility was observed in any vessel after 48 hours exposure. Therefore, the 48h-EC50 was considered as superior to 28.6 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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