Phenylacetic acid

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short term toxicity to fish:

Study was conducted to assess the effect of test chemical on the mortality of fish Danio rerio. Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test).The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous one hour of stirring for achieving test concentrations of 6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L,25 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L, respectivelyand Zebra FishDanio reriowere exposed to these concentration for 96 hours.Bowl aquaria containing 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) were loaded with 8 fishes. A static procedure was used for the study and it was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. After 96 hours of exposure to test item to various nominal test concentrations6.25 mg/L,12.5mg/L,25mg/L,50mg/L,100mg/L, LC0 was determine to be 100 mg/l . Based on the LC0, it can be consider that the chemical was not toxic and can be consider to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate:

Aim of this study was to assess the short term toxicity of test material to aquatic invertebrates daphnia magna. Study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test) in a static system for the total exposure period of 48 hrs.

 

The stock solution 100.0 mg/l was prepared by dissolving white powder liquid in reconstituted water. The solution was kept in ultrasonic bath for 20 min. The test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample in reconstituted water.5 , 10 , 20 , 40 , 80 mg/lconcentrations were used in the study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0.

 

The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance , in Daphnia magna was determined to be 52.5 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hour study. Based on the EC50 value, substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrate and cannot / can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP classification criteria.The test substnace is redialy biodegradable in aquatic environment and hence, have low hazardous effect on aquatic enviromnent, considering this it can be concluded to be not classified as per CLP criteria.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

The effective concentration (EC50) value of test material in aquatic green algae [Scenedesmus subspicatus] on the basis of growth inhibition effect was found to be 177 mg/L.Thus,considering the CLP Criteria for aquatic classification of the substance , it isconcluded that test material does not exhibit toxicity to aquatic green algae [Scenedesmus subspicatus].

Toxicity to microorganism:

The effect of test material was evaluated on Pseudomonas putida . The effective concentration (EC50) value of test material in Pseudomonas putida in a 16 hr study on the basis of growth inhibition effect was found to be 223 mg/L.

Additional information

Short term toxicity to fish:

The effect of test material on fish was observed based on the results from experimental study and data from peer reviewed journal.

In the experimental study , the effect of test chemical on the mortality of fish Danio rerio. Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test).The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous one hour of stirring for achieving test concentrations of 6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L,25 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L, respectivelyand Zebra FishDanio reriowere exposed to these concentration for 96 hours.Bowl aquaria containing 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) were loaded with 8 fishes. A static procedure was used for the study and it was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. After 96 hours of exposure to test item to various nominal test concentrations6.25 mg/L,12.5mg/L,25mg/L,50mg/L,100mg/L, LC0 was determine to be 100 mg/l . Based on the LC0, it can be consider that the chemical was not toxic and can be consider to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

The above experimental study was further supported by data from peer reviewed journal , the short term toxicity test was performed on Petromyzon marinus treated with test material for 24 hrs. The chemical concentration used was 5mg/l and no adverse effect was observed so, it was concluded that the LC 0 value for Petromyzon marinus was found to be 5mg/l after treatment with test material.

Based on the median lethal effect concentrtaion value obtained from experimental reports , it can be concluded that test substance is not toxic to fish , and also considering the property of redialy degradebility of test substance , it is considered to be not classified as per CLP criteria.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate:

The short term effect of test material was evaluated on aquatic invertebrate based on the results obtained from experimental report and data from various peer reviewed journal along with authoritative database.

In the experimental study ,the short term toxicity of test material to aquatic invertebrates daphnia magna. Study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test) in a static system for the total exposure period of 48 hrs.

 

The stock solution 100.0 mg/l was prepared by dissolving white powder liquid in reconstituted water. The solution was kept in ultrasonic bath for 20 min. The test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample in reconstituted water.5 , 10 , 20 , 40 , 80 mg/lconcentrations were used in the study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0.

 

The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance , in Daphnia magna was determined to be 52.5 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hour study. Based on the EC50 value, substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrate and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP classification criteria.

The above study was further supported by data from peer reviewed journal,the Effective concentration (EC50) value of test material in aquatic invetebrate (Thamnocephalus platyurus) in a 24 hr study on immobility effect was found to be 236 mg/L.Thus,considering the CLP Criteria for aquatic classification of the substance , it is concluded that test material does not exhibit short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate (Thamnocephalus platyurus).

In the above peer reviewed journal effect of test material on Daphnia magna was also described , the Effective concentration (EC50) value of test material in aquatic invetebrate (Daphnia magna) in a 24 hr study on immobility effect was found to be 140 mg/L.Thus,considering the CLP Criteria for aquatic classification of the substance , it is concluded that test material does not exhibit short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate (Daphnia magna).

In an authorative database , short term toxicity of test material was evalauted on Daphnia magna in static condition for 24 h . The effect concentration EC50 was observed to be 11 mg/l.

The test substnace is redialy biodegradable in aquatic environment and hence, have low hazardous effect on aquatic enviromnent, considering this it can be concluded to be not classified as per CLP criteria.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

The effect of test material on aquatic algae was described in a peer reviewed journal , the effective concentration (EC50) value of test material in aquatic green algae [Scenedesmus subspicatus] on the basis of growth inhibition effect was found to be 177 mg/L.Thus,considering the CLP Criteria for aquatic classification of the substance , it isconcluded that test material does not exhibit toxicity to aquatic green algae [Scenedesmus subspicatus].

The above data was further supported by data for structurally similar read across substance , the effect of test substance was studied on the growth of fresh water green algaChlorella vulgaris.The study was conducted following OECD guideline 201- Alga growth inhibition test.The test substance , was prepared by adding 106.25 mg of test substance in 250 ml of BBM to get the final concentration of 425 mg/L. The sock solution was ultrasonically agitated for 30 minutes to obtain a homogenous solution for the experiment. The remaining test solutions were prepared by dilution from the above stock solution, under aseptic condition. To have a better growth and visibility of cells, the initial cell density of the culture was kept 1 X 104 cells/ml. Care was taken to have a homogeneous solution for the experiment.

The test concentration chosen for the study were 4.32mg/l, 10.88 mg/l, 27.2mg/l, 68mg/l, 170mg/l and 425mg/l were prepared using stock solution of the test substance using de-ionized water. The green alga was exposed to the test concentration for a period of 72 hours to observe average specific growth rate and % growth inhibition under the effect of test substance. EC50 calculated from equation through probit analysis was observed to be 138.96 mg/L.

Toxicity to microorganism:

Effect of test material was evaluated on various microorganisms , the effect of test material was evaluated on Pseudomonas putida . The effective concentration (EC50) value of test material in Pseudomonas putida in a 16 hr study on the basis of growth inhibition effect was found to be 223 mg/L.

In another peer reviewed journal ,toxicity study of micro-organism to the test substance was conducted usingPhotobacterium phosphoreum, strain NRRL-B-11177 (also referred to asVibrio fischerii, strain NRRL-B-11177). When test bacteria was exposed to the test substance test material with exposure duration of 5, 15 and 30 mins, reduction in light output was observed. The EC50 value during 30 mins exposure period was found to be 542 mg/l.