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EC number: 268-615-9 | CAS number: 68131-33-9 The solution formed by reacting the sodium salts of green liquor with calcium hydroxide.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
- White liquor is regarded as corrosive and irritant to skin according to the results (EC 440/2008 B.40 and B.46, OECD 431, DRAFT OECD Guideline “In vitro Skin irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RhE) Test Method”, ESAC statement)
- Eye irritation test was waived due to the available information on corrosivity and alkalinity of the substance.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (corrosive)
Additional information
Only one experimental study was available concerning irritation/corrosion (the Key study for skin irritation/corrosion). Other studies could not be found in the literature search.
Based on the experimental results White liquor showed to be corrosive to skin. The mean percentage viability of the treated skin discs after 3 minutes of exposure was 22.5 %, which is below the threshold of 50 % for classification. The mean percentage viability of the treated skin discs after 1 hour of exposure was 17.6 % which is above the threshold of 15 % for classification.
An eye irritation test needed not to be conducted as the test results of the skin irritation/corrosion test proved that White liquor is corrosive to skin (REACH Regulation 1907/2006 Annex VII). A skin corrosive substance is considered also to cause serious eye damage.
Effects on skin irritation/corrosion: highly corrosive
Effect level: empty Endpoint conclusion: Adverse effect observed
Justification for classification or non-classification
White liquor is an inorganic cooking chemical in kraft or soda pulping process. The source materials are sodium salts of Green liquor and calcium oxide. White liquor is a UVCB substance with variable composition. Therefore the irritation/corrosion properties may be somewhat variable.
The skin irritation/corrosion properties (Annex VII, REACH regulation) of a representative White liquor sample were tested by a GLP laboratory during 2009 -2010 (the Key study). No additional experimental data was found on irritation/corrosion through extensive literature searches.
According to the experimental results the corrosive properties of White liquor were:
- Skin corrosive, Cat.1
- (Ocular corrosive or severe irritant to eye; based on skin corrosion)
Additionally, the need for classification according to the CLP rules was evaluated based on the expected maximum concentrations of those identified main ingredients reported in the White liquor typical composition (1.2), which hold a harmonized classification for corrosive properties (sodium hydroxide, EC 215-185-5; sodium sulfide, EC 215 -211 -5; sodium carbonate, EC 207 -838 -8). Based on the estimated maximum concentration of sodium hydroxide (15% w/w) skin corrosion subcategory 1A is given.
According to the main ingredients the corrosive properties of White liquor were:
- Skin corrosive, Cat. 1A
The proposed classification derived from the experimental results and the properties of the main ingredients of White liquor is:
CLP: Corrosive, Category 1A (Causes severe skin burns and eye damage)
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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