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EC number: 263-000-1 | CAS number: 61788-71-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Aquatic toxicity studies of naphthenic acids, nickel saltsare not available. Thus, read-across to the assessment entities soluble nickel substances and naphthenic acid is applied since the ions of naphthenic acids, nickel saltsdetermine its fate and toxicity in the environment. Reliable studies indicate that the moiety of ecotoxicological concern are nickel cations.
Nickel:
A large set of reliable aquatic toxicity data on nickel ions is available from multiple studies covering all relevant trophic levels. The lowest acute and chronic ERVs derived for nickel at different pH bands amount to 68 µg Ni/L (acute, pH 8) and 2.4 µg Ni/L (chronic). Please refer to the respective sections for further information on acute and chronic aquatic toxicity of nickel.
In addition, the potential of nickel for toxicity to microorganisms is expressed by the 30 -min EC50 of 33 mg Ni/L (Cokgor et al, 2007).
Naphthenate:
Acute data are available from studies for three trophic levels algae, invertebrates and fish as follows:
- 72-h NOErC and ErC50 of 7.38 and 29.6 mg/L, respectively for the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- a 48-h LC50 of 20 mg/L represents the lowest value identified for the invertebrate species Daphnia magna. In addition, a 96-h LC50 of 4.8 mg/L (nominal) for calcium naphthenate has been determined for the marine copepod, Nitocra spinipes.
- a 96-h LC50 of 5.62 mg/L (measured arithmetic mean) was identified for the freshwater fish species Pimephales promelas
Studies on the toxicity of a structural analoge (cyclohexane carboxylic acid) to microorganisms result in an EC50 of 13.0 mg/L for Vibrio fisheri.
In sum, naphthenic acid has some potential for acute aquatic toxicity.
Naphthenic acids, nickel salts
Based on acute and chronic ERVs of nickel ions of 68 µg Ni/L (acute, pH 8) and 2.4 µg Ni/L (chronic) and acute EC/LC50 values of naphthenic acid ranging from 4.8-29.6 mg/L, the hazard assessment is based on the most toxic moiety, i.e. nickel cations. Therefore, existing aERVs of nickel are recalculated for naphthenic acids, nickel salts based on the maximum nickel content of naphthenic acids, nickel salt of 10.8% resulting in:
Acute ERV (naphthenic acids, nickel salts): 629,6 µg/L, and
Chronic ERV (naphthenic acids, nickel salts): 22.2 µg/L.
Based on the EC50 of 13.0 mg/L for the toxicity of a structural analoge (cyclohexane carboxylic acid) to Vibrio fisheri (being lower than the 30-min EC50 of 33 mg Ni/L for the toxicity of nickel to microorganisms), the toxic potential of naphthenic acids, nickel salts towards microorganisms is conservatively estimated with 14.2 mg/L naphthenic acids, nickel salts taking into account the naphthenic acid content of naphthenic acids, nickel salts of 91.4 %.
Additional information
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