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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-328-4 | CAS number: 105-76-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Sensitisation data (human)
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sensitisation data (humans)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Information insufficient but reliable enough to be considered for this assessment.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 985
Materials and methods
- Type of sensitisation studied:
- skin
- Study type:
- case report
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Patch tested with ICDRG standard series of allegerns and with the test material.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dibutyl maleate
- EC Number:
- 203-328-4
- EC Name:
- Dibutyl maleate
- Cas Number:
- 105-76-0
- Molecular formula:
- C12H20O4
- IUPAC Name:
- dibutyl but-2-enedioate
- Details on test material:
- The glues in question included PVA No III, urea and dibutyl maleinate. Glues contained dextrin, triacetin, sodium benzoate, propylene glycol, butylcarbitol acetate and antifoaming agents.
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Subjects:
- 11 employees
- Clinical history:
- no data
- Details on study design:
- A worker had skin complaints and other 11 employees also developed contact dermitis during 1 1/2 years. As a result of the outbreak, standard patch tests (Trolab) were conducted. All 11 employees had the standard patch test series and supplementary patch tests were applied. The test with 10% dibutyl maleinate in acetone was applied to 20 individuals (control) with eczematous disorders. 50% of the workers were exposed to the PVA glue containing dibutyl maleinate. The patch concentrations were established based on Malten & Zeilhuis (Industrial toxicology and dermatology in the production and processing of plastic. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company, 1964:66, 81). The concentration of dibutyl maleate was used in the patch test was 10% in acetone.
Results and discussion
- Results of examinations:
- Skin lesions observed among the employees included red, scaldy or vesicular dermititis involving the fingers, hands and in some cases the forearms. Most workers were able to continue working but cases varied in severity. Results from the patch tests on workers exposed to the PVA glue containing dibutyl maleinate exhibited an allergic reaction. The mean latency time to develop the contact allergy was 9 months.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Dibutyl maleate was considered a skin sensitizer.
- Executive summary:
In an enveloped-making factory, 50% of the employees who were packing envelops and looking after envelope machines developed contact dermitits. At that time, workers were exposed to three types of glues: PVA No III, urea and dibutyl maleinate. A test patch series was conducted with 11 workers. Glue containing dibutyl maleinate or 10% of dibutyl maleinate diluted in acetone was applied and 10 of 11 workers showed positive response in the patch tests. Another test was performed with 10% of dibutyl maleinate in acetone applied to 20 controls with eczematous disorders. Controls were negative. Workers were removed from the envelop-making process and 3 month later, employees were free of dermatitis. Authors indicated that dibutyl maleate was a skin sensitizer.
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