Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 233-135-0 | CAS number: 10043-01-3
Field studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- field studies
- Type of information:
- other: handbook data
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: handbook with reliable values
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- The chemical composition of seawater
- Author:
- J Floor Anthoni
- Year:
- 2 006
- Bibliographic source:
- www.seafriends.org.nz/oceano/seawater.htm
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of measurement:
- concentration of Aluminium ion in seawater
- Media:
- seawater
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium
- EC Number:
- 231-072-3
- EC Name:
- Aluminium
- Cas Number:
- 7429-90-5
- IUPAC Name:
- aluminum
- Test material form:
- solid: compact
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Detailed
composition of seawater
at
3.5% salinity
Element |
At.weight |
ppm |
|
Element |
At.weight |
ppm |
Helium He |
4.0026 |
0.0000072 |
|
Tellurium Te |
127.6 |
. |
Copper Cu |
63.54 |
0.0009 |
|
Tantalum Ta |
180.948 |
<0.0000025 |
Note! ppm= parts per million = mg/litre = 0.001g/kg.
The amount of aluminum in seawater varies between approximately 0.013 and 5 ppb. The Atlantic Ocean is known to contain more aluminum than the Pacific Ocean. River water generally contains about 400 ppb of aluminum.
Aluminum mainly occurs as Al3+ (aq) under acidic conditions, and as Al(OH)4- (aq) under neutral to alkalic conditions. Other forms include AlOH2+ (aq) en Al(OH)3 (aq).
Aluminum metal rapidly develops a thin layer of aluminum oxide of a few millimeters that prevents the metal from reacting with water. When this layer is corroded a reaction develops, releasing highly flammable hydrogen gas.
Aluminum chloride hydrolyses in water, and forms a mist when it comes in
contact with air, because hydrochloric acid drops form when it reacts
with water vapor.
Aluminum ions in other compounds also hydrolyze, and this continues
until the cationic charge has run out, ending the reaction by hydroxide
formation. The beginning of the hydrolysis reaction is as follows:
Al3+(aq) + 6H2O(l) <-> [Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq)
The most abundant aluminum compounds are aluminum oxide and aluminum hydroxide, and these are water insoluble.
Aluminum oxide may be present in water both in alkalic form (2Al2O3 (s)
+ 6H+ (aq) -> Al3+ (aq) + 3H2O (l)) and in acidic form (2Al2O3 (s) +
2OH- (aq) -> AlO2- (aq) + H2O (l)).
An example of a water soluble aluminum compound is aluminum sulphate
with a water solubility of 370 g/L.
Aluminum forms during mineral weathering of feldspars, such as and orthoclase, anorthite, albite, micas and bauxite, and subsequently ends up in clay minerals. A number of gemstones contain aluminum, examples are ruby and sapphire.
Currently, only iron and steel are produced in larger amounts than
aluminum. Additionally, aluminum is largely recycled because this is
very distinctly possible. It is applied in for example frames, door
knobs, car bodies, plane parts (the weight/ strength relation is very
favourable), engines, cables and cans. Aluminum is a good reflector and
is therefore applied in solar mirrors and heat reflecting blankets.
Aluminum is processed to cans, wiring and alloys.
Aluminum salts are often added to water to start precipitation reactions
for phosphate removal. Consequently, sewage sludge in water purification
with a pH value between 6.8 and 7.3 is present as hydroxides.
Alums are applied as fertilizer in tea plantations. Other aluminum
compounds are applied in paper production. Alloys such as duraluminum
are applied because these are stronger than aluminum itself. Aluminum
foam is applied in tunnels as soundproofing material.
Other examples of aluminum application include aluminum chloride use in
cracking processes, aluminum oxide as an abrasive or for production of
inflammable objects, aluminum sulphate use as a basic material in paper
glue, tanners, mordants and synthetic rubber, and aluminum hydrogen as a
reduction and hydration agent.
Aluminum occurs as an aerosol in oceanic surface layers and in waters.
This is because aluminum dust end up in water. Particles end up in water
through surface run-off or atmospheric transport.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The amount of aluminum in seawater varies between approximately 0.013 and 5 ppb. The Atlantic Ocean is known to contain more aluminum than the Pacific Ocean. River water generally contains about 400 ppb of aluminum.
Aluminum mainly occurs as Al3+ (aq) under acidic conditions, and as Al(OH)4- (aq) under neutral to alkalic conditions. Other forms include AlOH2+ (aq) en Al(OH)3 (aq).
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