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EC number: 277-429-7 | CAS number: 73398-29-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 19 July 2018 to 16 August 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, predominantly domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Secondary effluent of a sewage treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage in Kurume-shi, Fukuoka, Japan (Sampling date: July 19, 2018)
- Laboratory culture: The secondary effluent was filtered through a No.2 filter paper and the filtrate was used as inoculum. The inoculum was kept under aerobic conditions until use. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 4.95 mg/L
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: The mineral medium (5 L) was prepared at the same proportion as the following method: each 1 mL of stock solutions (a), (b), (c), and (d) prescribed in the OECD 301D test method were made up to 1 L with purified water (The Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Takasugi Pharmaceutical). After the preparation, it was aerated for 60 minutes and left to stand for 23 hours at test temperature.
- Test temperature: 19.3 – 20.6 °C
- Suspended solids concentration: 0.05 mL/L
- Continuous darkness: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Glass bottle (100 mL in volume)
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 10
- Test solution (inoculum + test material) (n= 10): Each test bottle was filled with 4.95 mg/L test material solution prepared with the inoculated mineral medium. The test material solution of 4.95 mg/L was prepared as follows: the test sample (110 mg i.e. 99 .0 mg as the test material) was accurately weighed with an electronic analytical balance and dissolved in the inoculated mineral medium in order to obtain 495 mg/L solution of the test material (200 mL). The test solution of 4.95 mg/L was then prepared from this solution (15 mL) by dilution with the inoculated mineral medium (1.5 L).
- Measuring equipment: DO of each test solution was measured by diaphragm electrode method, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was calculated (DO meter (No. 00-016): B-100BTi (Iijima Electronics)
- Stationary incubation was performed in sealed bottles
SAMPLING
- Frequency and number of measurement:
Test solution (inoculum + test material): At the beginning of incubation and on Day 7, 14, 21 and 28, n=2.
Test solution (inoculum + sodium benzoate): At the beginning of incubation and on Day 7, 14, 21 and 28, n=2.
Inoculum blank: At the beginning of incubation and on Day 7, 14, 21 and 28, n=2.
- During the incubation, appearances of the test solutions were observed once a day. The incubation temperature was measured and recorded once a day.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank (n= 10): Each test bottle was filled with the inoculated mineral medium.
- Reference substance control: Test solution (inoculum + sodium benzoate) (n= 10): Each test bottle was filled with 3.00 mg/L sodium benzoate solution prepared with the inoculated mineral medium. The sodium benzoate solution of 3.00 mg/L was prepared as follows: sodium benzoate (150 mg) was accurately weighed with an electronic analytical balance and dissolved in the inoculated mineral medium in order to obtain 1500 mg/L solution of the test material (100 mL). The sodium benzoate solution of 3.00 mg/L was then prepared from this solution (3 mL) by dilution with the inoculated mineral medium (1.5 L).
CALCULCATION OF PERCENTAGE BIODEGRADATION
The percentage biodegradation was calculated by the following equations and rounded off to the whole number. In the calculation of TOD of the test material, nitrogen form was treated as NH3.
Percentage biodegradation (%) = (BODx / TOD) x 100
BODx: BOD in the test solutions (inoculum + test material) or (inoculum + sodium benzoate) on x days (experimental: mg O2/L)
TOD: Theoretical oxygen demand required when the test material or sodium benzoate was completely oxidised (calculated: mg O2/L)
BODx = (mt(0) - mt(x)) - (mb(0) - mb(x))
mb(x): Mean DO in the inoculum blank on x days (mg O2/L)
mb(0): Mean DO in the inoculum blank at the beginning of incubation (mg O2/L)
mt(x): DO in the test solutions (inoculum + test material) or (inoculum + sodium benzoate) on x days (mg O2/L)
mt(0): DO in the test solutions (inoculum + test material) or (inoculum + sodium benzoate) at the beginning of incubation (mg O2/L) - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Test performance:
- Validity of the Test
- Difference between extremes of replicate values of percentage biodegradation of test material by BOD on Day 28 should be < 20 %. The value in this test was 1 %.
- Percentage biodegradation of sodium benzoate by BOD on Day 14 should be > 60 %. The values in this test were 70 and 71 %.
- Amount of oxygen depletion of inoculum blank on Day 28 should be ≤ 1.5 mg O2/L. The value in this test was 0.72 mgO2/L.
- Residual concentration of oxygen in each bottle during the incubation should be ≥ 0.5 mg O2/L. The value in this test was ≥ 4.47 mgO2/L. - Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- -1
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- The average percentage biodegradation by BOD was -1 % on Day 28 under the test conditions of this study. The value did not meet a criterion of ready biodegradability (percentage biodegradation by BOD > 60 %) described in OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, No. 301. It showed that the test material can be considered as not a readily biodegradable substance.
- Results with reference substance:
- Percentage biodegradation values of sodium benzoate by BOD on Day 14 were 70 and 71 %, which met the validity criteria of > 60 %.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, the average percentage biodegradation by BOD was -1 % on Day 28. This showed that the test material can be considered as not a readily biodegradable substance.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of the test material was investigated in accordance with the standardised guideline OECD 301D, under GLP conditions.
Filtrate of secondary effluent of a sewage treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage was exposed to the test material at 4.95 mg/L for 28 days in darkness. Dissolved oxygen was measured by diaphragm electrode method.
The validity criteria of the test were all met.
Under the conditions of this study, the average percentage biodegradation by BOD was -1 % on Day 28. This showed that the test material can be considered as not a readily biodegradable substance.
Reference
Table 1: Percentage Biodegradation
|
Inoculum + Test Material (The Value in [ ] is a Mean Value) |
|||
Day 7 |
Day 14 |
Day 21 |
Day 28 |
|
Percentage Biodegradation by BOD |
-2 |
-1 |
0 |
0 |
-2 |
-2 |
-2 |
-1 |
|
[-2] |
[-2] |
[-1] |
[-1] |
Description of key information
Under the conditions of the study, the average percentage biodegradation by BOD was -1 % on Day 28. This showed that the test material can be considered as not a readily biodegradable substance.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The ready biodegradability of the test material was investigated in accordance with the standardised guideline OECD 301D, under GLP conditions. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
Filtrate of secondary effluent of a sewage treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage was exposed to the test material at 4.95 mg/L for 28 days in darkness. Dissolved oxygen was measured by diaphragm electrode method.
The validity criteria of the test were all met.
Under the conditions of the study, the average percentage biodegradation by BOD was -1 % on Day 28. This showed that the test material can be considered as not a readily biodegradable substance.
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