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EC number: 237-044-7 | CAS number: 13597-19-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro DNA damage and/or repair study
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: DNA damage and/or repair
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- no data available
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Reasonably well described study. However, due to the missing positive control, the positive findings can not be properly evaluated- historical data are not reported. Purity of the test substance not reported. Furthermore, the significant inter-indivuidual variations hamper a clear assessment.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Genotoxic effects of vanadium(IV) in human peripheral blood cells.
- Author:
- Rodriguez-Mercado, J.J.; et al.
- Year:
- 2 003
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicology letters, 144, 359-69.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Guideline:
- other: no information available if test was conducted according to guideline
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In this study, the genotoxicity of vanadium(IV) tetraoxide was evaluated in human cultured lymphocytes and leukocytes using the mitotic index (MI), the replicative index (RI) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- sister chromatid exchange assay in mammalian cells
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Vanadium(IV) tetraoxide
- IUPAC Name:
- Vanadium(IV) tetraoxide
- Reference substance name:
- 12036-73-6
- Cas Number:
- 12036-73-6
- IUPAC Name:
- 12036-73-6
- Reference substance name:
- V2O4
- IUPAC Name:
- V2O4
- Test material form:
- other: solid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Vanadium(IV) tetraoxide
- Physical state: solid
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Method
- Target gene:
- not applicable
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- lymphocytes: from human donors
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- The study was conducted with peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained by venipuncture from 3 healthy non-smoking males between 23 and 29 years of age.
- Type and identity of media: Some 0.5 mL of heparinised blood was cultured in 4.5 mL of RPMI-1640 culture medium with 5 µg/mL of phytohaemaglutinin. Cells were cultured for 24 hours.
No further details are reported. - Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 2, 4, 8 or 16 µg/mL
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: distilled water
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- distilled water
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- no
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48 hours
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): 72 hours after beginning the cultures were harvested, fixed and prepared on flame-dried slides.
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): 4 µg/mL of colchicine were added to each culture 2 hours before the harvest.
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): Differential staining of sister chromatids was then carried out exactly as described by Roldán and Altamirano, 1990.
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: All cultures were set up in duplicate.
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were scored in 60 second mitotic division cells per treatment.
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: replicative and mitotic index:
400 metaphases were classified as either first, second or third division cycles, according to the differential stain in order to calculate the replicative index (RI) and 8000 cells were counted to estimate the MI. All the slides were coded for analysis.
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
No further details are given. - Evaluation criteria:
- No data given.
- Statistics:
- The significant statistical differences for the MI were determined by the z-test; the statistical differences for the RI were established by the qui-square test and for the SCE by the ANOVA-Turkey test.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- lymphocytes: from humans
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- ambiguous
- Remarks:
- Only slight increases in SCE were observed at 4µg/mL with interindividual variations in response to vanadium.
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- A significant decrease was noted in the frequency of mitoses detected. Also, a gradual decline appeared in the inhibition of MI percentage.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- not examined
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
No data are reported.
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: No details are reported, but concentrations tested were selected on the basis of preliminary experiments.
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: no
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY: no further details - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
ambiguous without metabolic activation
Under the given experimental conditions the test substance vanadium(IV) tetraoxide is capable of inducing cytotoxicity and cytostatic effects. - Executive summary:
In this study, the genotoxicity of vanadium(IV) tetraoxide was evaluated in human cultured lymphocytes and leukocytes using the mitotic index (MI), the replicative index (RI) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). This substance induced a clear dose-response in MI inhibitions and modifications in the RI. In the SCE, a significant increase appeared in the treated group compared with the controls.
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