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EC number: 262-980-8 | CAS number: 61788-49-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2001-05-10 to 2001-07-09
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study from supporting substance (structural analogue)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 001
- Report date:
- 2001
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- 24th July 2001
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Lanolin Alcohols
- IUPAC Name:
- Lanolin Alcohols
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations:
DOC concentration (mg/L) : 2.5 (measured), 1.3 (calculated), 0.6 (calculated), 0.3 (calculated), 0.15 (calculated)
- Sampling method:
Not reported
- Sample storage conditions before analysis:
Not reported
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method:
A saturated solution was prepared with test medium to make stock solution. A 1000 mg/L dispersion was prepared and shaken for 24 h in the
dark. After the dispersion treatment the solution was membrane filtrated (SCHLEICHER & SCHÜLL, ME 24, REF.-No. 401 714, 0.2 µm).
Test concentrations (nominal.): 1:16, 1:8, 1:4, 1:2 and 1:1 dilution out of stock solution
- Controls: Test medium (without test item).
- Chemical name of vehicle :
water
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium:
Not applicable
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Algae
- Strain: Strain CHODAT SAG 86.81
- Source: Sammlung von Algenkulturen (SAG), Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, D-37073 Gottingen. Fresh stocks were prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted 35-70 µE/m2 . s for 24 h per day.
- Age of inoculum: A four day old preculture was used.
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks were prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted 35-70 µE/m2 . s for 24 h per day.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Not recorded.
- Culturing media and conditions: Nutrient medium Z according to LOTTGE et al. (1994).
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: None recorded.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not applicable
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Not recorded
- Test temperature:
- Nominally 23 ± 2 °C
Measured continously by a Hygro-thermographe (KLIMATHERM) - pH:
- 8.01 - 8.90
Measured by a pH-Meter, pH 191 (WTW) - Dissolved oxygen:
- Not recorded.
- Salinity:
- N/A
- Conductivity:
- N/A
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Concentrations (nominal): 1:16, 1:8, 1:4, 1:2 and 1:1 dilution out of stock solution
Measured: 0.15 mg/L
Calculated: 0.3, 0.6, 1.3 2.5 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 ml glass conical flasks
- Type: closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass, 100ml
- Aeration: No aeration
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): Not applicable
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Not applicable
- Initial cells density: Incubation was performed in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with test medium. For the start of the test the preculture was diluted with test medium to receive an initial cell concentration of approximately 1 x 10E4 cells/mL in the replicates. All algae were from the same source and have not been used in a previous study.
- Control end cells density: algal cell density was approximately 6.24 10E5 cells/ml
- No. of organisms per vessel: initial cell concentration of approximately 1 x 104 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Three replicate flasks per concentration.
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): Six replicate flasks.
TEST MEDIUM
According to the guidelines.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: No
- Adjustment of pH: No adjustments recorded
- Photoperiod: 24 h/d light
- Light intensity and quality: Nominally 60 - 120 µE/m2 .s (according to the EEC Guideline)
EXPOSURE CONDITIONS:
A definitive test was performed with 5 concentration levels in a geometrical series with a factor 2 and 3 replicates each. A control with test medium (without test item, six replicates) was tested under the same conditions as the test group. A four day-old preculture incubated at study conditions was used for the main study. Chlorophyll-fluorescence was determined at the beginning, after 24, 48 and 72 h.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED :
- Determination of cell concentrations:
Samples of the algal populations were removed daily and cell concentrations determined for each control and treatment group, using a Coulter® Multisizer Particle Counter.
Determination of ECx values
For each individual test vessel (mean values for yield), percentage inhibition (arithmetic axis) was plotted against test concentration (logarithmic axis) and a line fitted by computerised interpolation using the Xlfit software package (IDBS). ECxvalues were then determined from the equation for the fitted line.
Where appropriate 95% confidence limits for the EC50 values were calculated, using the simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949).
- Chlorophyll measurement:
Cell density was measured via Chlorophyll-a-fluorescence (excitation at 435 nm, emission at 685 nm). Each replicate was measured 6 times.The cell density was measured at the beginning of the test and every 24 h. The control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test material.
VALIDATION:
The cell density had to increase at minimum 16-fold in the control replicates within 72 h.
The temperature during the test had to be in the range of 21-25 °C controlled at ± 2°C.
The pH-value of the control replicates should not normally deviate by more than 1.0 units during the test.
DEVIATIONS FROM THE GUIDELINE: According to the guideline a light intensity of 120 IJE/m2. s ± 20 % is required. For the study the light intensity amounted 60 120 µE/m2 .s for 24 h per day according to EEC guideline. Yet the increase of cell density 16-fold was guaranteed.
DEVIATIONS FROM THE STUDY PLAN: Fluorescent tubes for alga culture was changed. Identification data were completed according to the sponsor's
wish. Title of the study was corrected. DOC of the saturated solution was measured.
These deviations had no impact on quality and integrity of the study. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.15 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL not stated
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 2.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence limits not reported
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.15 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits not reported
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 2.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits not reported
- Details on results:
- Definitive Test
The growth inhibition effects of the test item are summarized in Table 2. All data are given based on the initially measured DOC.
Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and end of the incubation period revealed no morphological abnormalities.
Water quality parameters of pH-value, measured at 0 and 72 h, and room temperature, measured continuously, met the guideline requirements. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The acute toxicity of potassium dichromate to the unicellular freshwater green alga Scenedesmus subspicatus was determined over a period of 72 h from December 4 to 7, 2000.
The EC50 - values of the reference item potassium dichromate after 72 h met the validity criteria according to EEC Directive 92/69/EEC Method C.3 Annex 2 (prescribed ranges are 0.20 - 0.75 mg/L and 0.60 - 1.03 mg/L potassium dichromate for inhibition of biomass growth and raterelated
inhibition, respectively).
The results with the reference substance are shown in table 1. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- One way analysis of variance incorporating Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variance (Sokal and Rohlf 1981) and Dunnett's multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control (Dunnett 1955) was carried out on the growth rate, yield and biomass integral data after 72 hours for the control and all test concentrations to determine any statistically significant differences between the test and control groups. All statistical analyses were performed using the SAS computer software package (SAS 1999 - 2001).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table. 1: EC50Values of Biomass Inhibition and Rate-Related Inhibition of the Reference item based on nominal concentrations mg/L, (0-72 h)
|
Inhibition of biomass growth[mg/L] |
EbC50 |
0.48 |
95% confidence interval |
0.42 - 0.55 |
|
Rate-related inhibition [mg/l] |
ErC50 |
0.85 |
95% confidence interval |
0.69 - 1.04 |
Table 2: Results (72 hours)
Test Material (mg DOC/L) |
Replicate |
Inhibition of Biomass (%) |
Biomass Integral |
Inhibition of Biomass (%) |
Growth Rate Inhibition (%) |
2.5 |
1 |
450874 |
18.50 |
1.18 |
10.14 |
2 |
450356 |
18.60 |
1.18 |
10.24 |
|
3 |
472452 |
14.60 |
1.17 |
11.22 |
|
Mean |
(+)457895 |
17.24 |
(+)1.18 |
10.55 |
|
1.3 |
1 |
468949 |
15.24 |
1.27 |
3.77 |
2 |
465034 |
15.95 |
1.22 |
6.92 |
|
3 |
498764 |
9.85 |
1.20 |
9.08 |
|
Mean |
(+)477582 |
13.68 |
(+)1.23 |
6.74 |
|
0.6 |
1 |
369589 |
33.20 |
1.13 |
13.96 |
2 |
439126 |
20.63 |
1.17 |
11.02 |
|
3 |
337689 |
38.96 |
1.16 |
11.96 |
|
Mean |
(+)382134 |
30.93 |
(+)1.15 |
12.27 |
|
0.3 |
1 |
365777 |
33.89 |
1.11 |
15.53 |
2 |
441938 |
20.12 |
1.19 |
9.67 |
|
3 |
452024 |
18.30 |
1.21 |
7.72 |
|
Mean |
(+)419913 |
24.10 |
(+)1.17 |
10.75 |
|
0.15 |
1 |
519822 |
6.04 |
1.33 |
-1.38 |
2 |
512552 |
7.36 |
1.35 |
-3.00 |
|
3 |
540723 |
2.26 |
1.37 |
-4.20 |
|
Mean |
(-)524366 |
5.22 |
(-)1.35 |
-2.85 |
|
Control |
1 |
512450 |
1.29 |
||
2 |
540188 |
1.31 |
|||
3 |
543249 |
1.29 |
|||
4 |
555022 |
1.34 |
|||
5 |
577830 |
1.30 |
|||
6 |
590767 |
1.36 |
|||
Mean |
553250 |
1.32 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this study the teat material caused only minor effects on the freshwater green alga Scenedesmus subspicatus when tested up to the saturated aqueous solution. No dose-effect-relationship was observed. The EC50-values for inhibition of biomass growth (EbC50 ) and specific growth rate (ErC50 ) after 72 h were> 2.5 mg DOC/L for both end points.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the test material to the unicellular freshwater green algaScenedesmus subspicatuswas determined according to the principles of OECD- Guideline 201, from June 12 to 15, 2001.
The study was conducted under static conditions over a duration of 72 hours with an initial cell density of nominally 10^4 cells/ml. A saturated solution served as stock solution and further 4 dilution levels in a geometrical series with a dilution factor 2 were prepared from this solution as listed in the following table.Corresponding DOC concentrations are as follows:
Test item concentrations
Dilution of stock solution
DOC concentration
[mg/L]
1:1
2.5 (measured)
1:2
1.3 (calculated)
1:4
0.6 (calculated)
1:8
0.3 (calculated)
1:16
0.15 (calculated)
3 replicates were tested for each concentration level and 6 replicates for control.
The saturated solution and all dilution levels were found to be clear throughout the test.
Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start of the incubation period revealed no morphological abnormalities. At the end cells at concentration levels of 0.3 to 2.5 mg DOC/L were larger as in control.
Water quality parameters of pH-value, measured at 0 and 72 h, and room temperature, measured continuously, were determined to be within the acceptable limits.
The effects of the test material, based on the initially measured DOC concentrations are summarized in the following table.
NOEC and ECso Values of Biomass Inhibition and Rate-Related Inhibition based on the initially measured DOC [mg/L] of the saturated solution, (0-72 h) NOEC calculated using one way analysis of variance and DUNNETT'S test.
Inhibition of biomass growth [mgDOC/L]
EbC50
> 2.5
95% Confidence interval
Confidence interval
NOEC
0.15
Rate-related inhibition [mgDOC/L]
ErC50
> 2.5
95% Confidence interval
Confidence interval
NOEC
0.15
Conclusion
In this study the test material caused only minor effects on the freshwater green alga Scenedesmus subspicatus when tested up to the saturated aqueous solution. No dose-effect-relationship was observed. The EC50-values for inhibition of biomass growth (EbC50) and specific growth rate (ErC50) after 72 h were > 2.5 mg DOC/L for both end points.
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