Cinnamonitrile

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Effects on fertility

Description of key information

Reproductive toxicity:

NOAEL was estimated to be 336.64 mg/kg bw when male and female wistar rats were exposed with (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7) orally.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to reproduction

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

Data is from OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3 and the QMRF report has been attached.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: As mentioned below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Prediction was done using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3, 2017

GLP compliance:

not specified

Limit test:

no

Justification for study design:

No data available

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of the test material: (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile
- IUPAC name: (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile
- Molecular formula: C9H7N
- Molecular weight: 129.161 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Smiles: N#C\C=C\c1ccccc1

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Details on species / strain selection:

No data available

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

No data available

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

water

Details on exposure:

No data available

Details on mating procedure:

No data available

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Males were exposed for 29 days, i.e. 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, and up to the day prior to scheduled necropsy. Females were exposed for 43-56 days

Frequency of treatment:

Once daily for 7 days per week,

Details on study schedule:

No data available

Dose / conc.:

336.64 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

No data available

Positive control:

No data available

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

No data available

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

No data available

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

No data available

Litter observations:

No data available

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

No data available

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

No data available

Statistics:

No data available

Reproductive indices:

No data available

Offspring viability indices:

No data available

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

not specified

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not specified

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

not specified

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

no effects observed

Reproductive performance:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No toxicologically relevant effects on reproductive parameters were noted.

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

336.64 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

mortality

other: No toxicologically relevant effects on reproductive parameters were noted.

Remarks on result:

other: Generation not specified (migrated information)

Critical effects observed:

no

System:

other: not specified

Organ:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Dose response relationship:

not specified

Relevant for humans:

not specified

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality / viability:

not specified

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Sexual maturation:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Gross pathological findings:

not specified

Histopathological findings:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Developmental immunotoxicity:

not specified

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

336.64 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

not specified

Basis for effect level:

sexual maturation

body weight and weight gain

Remarks on result:

other: No developmental toxic effect was observed

Critical effects observed:

not specified

System:

other: not specified

Organ:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Dose response relationship:

not specified

Relevant for humans:

not specified

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Relation to other toxic effects:

not specified

Dose response relationship:

not specified

Relevant for humans:

not specified

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: NOAEL
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 7 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

((((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" )  and ("e" and ( not "f") )  )  and ("g" and ( not "h") )  )  and ("i" and ( not "j") )  )  and ("k" and ( not "l") )  )  and "m" )  and ("n" and ( not "o") )  )  and ("p" and ( not "q") )  )  and ("r" and "s" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alkene AND Aryl AND Nitrile by Organic Functional groups

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alkene AND Aryl AND Nitrile AND Overlapping groups by Organic Functional groups (nested)

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acetylenic Carbon [#C] AND Aromatic Carbon [C] AND Olefinic carbon [=CH- or =C<] by Organic functional groups (US EPA)

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aromatic compound by Organic functional groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol)

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures >> Quinones OR Non-covalent interaction OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> DNA Intercalators with Carboxamide Side Chain OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones OR Non-specific OR Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy with  nucleoside bases    OR Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy with  nucleoside bases    >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR Radical OR Radical >> Generation of ROS by glutathione depletion (indirect) OR Radical >> Generation of ROS by glutathione depletion (indirect) >> Haloalkanes Containing Heteroatom OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation (indirect) or direct radical attack on DNA OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation (indirect) or direct radical attack on DNA >> Organic Peroxy Compounds OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation >> Polynitroarenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Amino Anthraquinones OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Quinones OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Alkylation after metabolically formed carbenium ion species OR SN1 >> Alkylation after metabolically formed carbenium ion species >> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Polynitroarenes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ions OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ions >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related >> Epoxides and Aziridines OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation >> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation >> Alkylphosphates, Alkylthiophosphates and Alkylphosphonates OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Haloalkanes Containing Heteroatom OR SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates OR Acylation >> Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates >> Isocyanates OR Michael addition OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Alkyl phenols OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Arenes OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Hydroquinones OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Methylenedioxyphenyl OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition >> Alpha, beta- unsaturated esters OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation >> Allyl benzenes OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation >> Aliphatic tertiary amines OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic azo OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic nitro OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic phenylureas OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Primary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Tertiary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Unsaturated heterocyclic azo by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non binder, without OH or NH2 group by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Moderate binder, NH2 group OR Moderate binder, OH grooup OR Non binder, impaired OH or NH2 group OR Non binder, MW>500 OR Non binder, non cyclic structure OR Strong binder, NH2 group OR Strong binder, OH group OR Very strong binder, OH group OR Weak binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not known precedent reproductive and developmental toxic potential by DART scheme v.1.0

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alpha aryloxy substituted acetic acid (9c) OR Known precedent reproductive and developmental toxic potential OR Non-steroid nucleus derived estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) OR Non-steroid nucleus derived estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) >> 4-alkylphenol-like derivatives (2b-3) OR Not covered by current version of the decision tree OR Organophosphorus compounds (1b) OR p-tert-Butyl-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic aldehyde (BMHCA)-like chemicals (9a) by DART scheme v.1.0

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Bioavailable by Lipinski Rule Oasis ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non-Metals by Groups of elements

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alkali Earth OR Halogens OR Metalloids OR Transition Metals by Groups of elements

Domain logical expression index: "p"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 14 - Carbon C AND Group 15 - Nitrogen N by Chemical elements

Domain logical expression index: "q"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 16 - Oxygen O OR Group 16 - Sulfur S by Chemical elements

Domain logical expression index: "r"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 0.607

Domain logical expression index: "s"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 3.17

Conclusions:

NOAEL was estimated to be 336.64 mg/kg bw when male and female wistar rats were exposed with (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7) orally.

Executive summary:

In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the reproductive toxicity was estimated for (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7).No effect was observed on reproductive parameter . Hence,NOAEL was estimated to be 336.64 mg/kg bw when male and female wistar rats were exposed with (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7) orally.

Effect on fertility: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

336.64 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subchronic

Species:

rat

Quality of whole database:

Data is Klimicsh 2 and from QSAR Toolbox 3.3. (2017)

Effect on fertility: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on fertility: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Reproductive toxicity

In different studies, (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7) has been investigated for reproductive toxicity to a greater or lesser extent. Often are the studies based on in vivo experiments and estimated data in rodents, i.e. most commonly in rats for (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7).

In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the reproductive toxicity was estimated for (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7).No effect was observed on reproductive parameter . Hence, NOAEL was estimated to be 336.64 mg/kg bw when male and female wistar rats were exposed with (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7) orally.

It is supported by experimental study conducted by Atsushi Ono ; Katsumi Kobayashi; Hideki Serizawa; Tomoko Kawamura, Hina Kato, Mariko Matsumoto, Mika Takahashi, Mutsuko Hirata-Koizumi, Yuko Matsushima and Akihiko Hirose (Fundamental toxicological sciences vol.2(4)191-200,2015) on structurally similar read across substance β-bromostyrene (103-64-0),In a Sub-acute repeated dose toxicity study, Sprague Dawley [Crl:CD()SD] male and female rats treated with β-bromostyrene orally by gavage in the concentration of 0, 30, 125 and 500 mg/kg/day. One female rat found dead on Day 3 and Decreases in spontaneous movement during weeks 3 and 4 were observed in male and female rats. No clinical signs were observed in any animal during the recovery period. Significantly increased body weight was observed in female rat on days 17-24 during the dosing period and significant decrease in water consumption was observed in female rats during week 4 of the dosing period a 125 mg/kg/day dose group as compared to control. Significant decreased in food consumption at day 4 were observed in male and female rat in dosing period and in females at days 7 and 14 in recovery period at 500 mg/kg/day and significant increased in food consumption at days 7-21were observed in female rats at 125 mg/kg/day as compared to control. Decreased mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) during dosing and eosinophils in recovery period were observed in male rat and increased Reticulocyte and decreased mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) during dosing and increase monocytes at recovery period were observed in female rats and significant increase in total protein level in male and female rats, Ca, P and albumin level and decrease in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine in male rats and significant increased in total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and Cl level in female rats at the end of dosing. Significant increased in triglycerides level was observed in female rats after the recovery period at 500 mg/kg/day. Decrease deactivated partial thromboplastin time and increased fibrinogen level were observed in female rats and significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase level and significant increased in Ca level in male rats and significant increased in total cholesterol, phospholipids level in female rats observed at 125 mg/kg/day as compared to control. Significant increases in urine volume in male and female rats, decrease in urine osmolality and small round epithelial cells in sediments were observed in male rats during week 4 of dosing period at 500 mg/kg/day and significant increases in urine volume and significant decrease in urine osmolality were observed in male rats at 125 mg/lg/day as compared to control. No significant differences were seen in urine volume, osmolality and qualitative measurements for either sex compared with the control groups during week 2 of the recovery period. Significant decrease in landing foot splay and forelimb grip strength was observed in male rats during week 2 of the recovery period. However, it was determined to be incidental because this sign was not observed during week 4 of the dosing period at 500 mg/kg/day. Significant decrease in forelimb grip strength was observed in male rats during week 2 of recovery period. No significant change was observed in any male and female rats receiving the test substance during week 4 of the dosing period. Significant increase in hind limb grip strength was observed in female rats during week 4 of the dosing period at 125 mg/kg/day as compared to control. However, this was not observed in the high dose group. Similarly, Significant increase in absolute and relative liver weight in male and female rats, significant increase in absolute and relative kidney weights and significant decrease in absolute testes weight in male rats and significant increase in relative kidney weights in female rats in dosing period and Significant increase in relative liver and heart weight was observed in female rats at 500 mg/kg/day as compared to control at the end of recovery period. Significant increase in relative liver weight and decrease in brain weight were observed at 125 mg/kg/day in female rats at the end of the recovery period. In addition, excess fluids in the abdominal and thoracic cavities, an enlarged liver, and dark red foci in the glandular stomach and unilateral small thyroids observed in female rat and enlargement of liver was observed in male rats at the end of dosing period. Enlargement of liver was observed in male rats at the end of recovery period in 500 mg/lg/day. Dark red foci in lung in one male rat and dark red foci in the glandular stomach in one female rat were observed at end of the dosing period at 125 mg/kg/day dose group. Minimal to mild degree of eosinophilic bodies in tubular cells, Mild degeneration of renal tubular and minimal hyaline casts in kidneys, minimal to mild centrilobular hypertrophy of hepatocytes in liver and minimal hypertrophy of follicular cells in thyroids were observed in male rats and atrophy of Peyer’s patch in the ileum, dilation of the renal tubes with centrilobular necrosis and congestion in the liver, focal hemorrhage and accumulation of foamy cells in the lung, atrophy of the mesenteric and submandibular lymph nodes, an increase in hematopoiesis and atrophy of white pulp in the spleen, erosion in the glandular stomach, atrophy of the thymus, and a remnant of ultimobranchial bodies in the thyroid were observed in female rats at 500 mg/kg/day as compared to control. Minimal Tubular regeneration, mild to minimal Eosinophilic body in tubular cells interstitial mineralization Kidney and Hypertrophy of follicular cells in thyroid of male rat and Periportal vacuolation of hepatocytes in liver of female rat were observed at the recovery period. Minimal to mild degree of eosinophilic bodies in tubular cells in kidney was observed in male rat and minimal hypertrophy of follicular cells in thyroids was observed in female rats at 125 mg/kg/day as compared to control. No effects were observed on reproductive organs of treated female rats as compared to control. Therefore, NOAEL was considered to be 125 mg/kg/day for male and 500 mg/kg/day for female when Sprague Dawley [Crl:CD()SD] male and female rats treated with β-bromostyrene

It is supported by experimental study conducted by Bryan D. Hardinet.al, (Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 7 : 2 9 4 (1987)) on structurally similar read across substance Cinnamaldehyde (104-55-2), Reproductive and Development toxicity study of Cinnamaldehyde was performed on female CD1 mice.10animals/dose group were used. All the animals provided with food and water ad libitum. Mice were singly housed in solid-bottom boxes. Nesting material (Bed-0-Cobs, Sani-chip, San-i-cel, or sterilized white wood shavings) was changed once weekly, but no bedding change was made later than gd 17 to avoid disturbing mice near parturition. The study was conducted in two phases: initial dose-finding study followed by a reproductive phase, which employed a single dose level. In both phases treatment was administered by gavage using a standard dosing volume of 10 ml/kg body weight. The test material dissolved in corn oil. For Phase I, test chemical was tested at five dose levels using ten virgin female mice for 8 consecutive days. For the Reproductive phase, the LD10 predicted on the basis of dose-finding results was the single dose 1200mg/kg bw was used. Treatment in the reproductive phase were administered once daily on Gestation day 6-13.

 

Mice were observed twice daily during treatment, and once daily on gd 14-17. Body weights were again recorded on gd 17.Atthe daily observation, signs of toxicity were recorded. Dead mice were necropsied to exclude dosing error as a cause of death. Beginning on gd 18, mice were observed twice daily for signs of parturition. When delivery was judged to be complete (postnatal day l), the number of live pups was recorded, and live pups were weighed together as a litter, and then returned to the dam. Neither lives nor were dead pups systematically examined for malformations. Two days later (postnatal day 3), live pups were again counted and weighed as a litter, and maternal body weights were recorded. Dams and litters were then discarded. Females that failed to deliver a litter by the presumed gd 22 were killed and uteri were examined. If there was no gross evidence of a failed pregnancy, uteri were placed in 10% ammonium or sodium sulfide to reveal implantation sites as evidence of early termination of pregnancy.

 There were no deaths during the study. No treatment-related clinical signs were observed. No changes in body weight and number of viable litter were observed. No effects on live born litters and percentage survival were noted and no treatment-related changes in birth body weight and weight gain were observed. Hence, No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for maternal and neonatal toxicity was considered to be 1200 mg/kg/day. When female CD1 mice were treated with Cinnamaldehyde(104-55-2)orally from gestation day 6-13.

  

So, based on the above mentioned studies for target substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7) and to its read across substance, it was considered that no adverse effects on sexual function and fertility was observed. Therefore, according to CLP criteria, the substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7) cannot be classified as reproductive toxicant.

 

Effects on developmental toxicity

Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Justification for classification or non-classification

Therefore, according to CLP criteria, the substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (1885-38-7) cannot be classified as reproductive toxicant.