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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 214-161-1 | CAS number: 1103-39-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: this report is an EFSA-statement on calcium-sulphate in mineral water and includes data from secondary sources
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 004
- Report date:
- 2004
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- absorption
Test material
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: rat and human
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: unspecified
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
ANIMAL DATA ON ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM FROM CALCIUM ENRICHED DIETS
In order to compare bioavailability of calcium from different sources young male rats (7- 10 animals/group) were fed ad libitum on a basal diet to which was added one of a number of calcium sources (carbonate, chloride, hydroxide, sulphate, oxide, lactate, acetate or propionate or yeast) to provide 0.25% calcium with a dietary Ca to P ratio of 1: 2 for 4 consecutive weeks. Calcium seemed to be equally available from all sources based on growth response, efficiency of utilization of diet, apparent absorption of Ca, Ca in serum and Ca in femur (Ranhotra et al., 1980).
HUMAN DATA ON ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM FROM CALCIUM-RICH MINERAL WATERS AND OTHER FOODS The bioavailability of calcium from mineral water containing calcium sulphate was studied in 15 lactose intolerant male individuals and compared to that from milk. In eight of 15 subjects, there was a higher level of calcium absorption from mineral water than from milk. Bioavailability was similar in five of 15 subjects. The bioavailabilty of calcium absorption from milk was greater than that from mineral water in two of 15 subjects (Harpern et al., 1991).
Calcium bioavailability from natural calcium and sulphate rich mineral water was compared with that from milk in nine healthy young women. Calcium absorption was measured in the fasting state with a dual-label stable isotope technique. Fractional absorption rates were 25.0 ± 6.7% (mean ± SD) from milk and 23.8 ± 4.8% (p>0.05) from mineral water. No significant difference was found in the excretion of calcium, or in the excretion of the two stable calcium isotopes. It was concluded that calcium from the calcium- and sulphate-rich mineral water was as well absorbed and retained as that from milk, and no calciuric effect of sulphate was found (Couzy et al., 1995).
No data were available on the bioavailability of calcium sulphate as a mineral substance in foods other than water and water based beverages. However, because absorption of calcium in the intestine requires that it is in a soluble form or bound to soluble organic molecules the bioavailability of calcium sulphate and calcium sulphate dihydrate is not expected to be significantly different from that of calcium chloride and calcium carbonate, respectively. Calcium chloride and calcium carbonate are already permitted as source of calcium in foods for particular nutritional uses and in food supplements.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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