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EC number: 295-762-6 | CAS number: 92128-65-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Immunotoxicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- immunotoxicity
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Reference
- Title:
- No information
- Author:
- Kirkeleit, J, Ulvestad, E, Riise, T, Bratveit, M and Moen, BE. (2006) Acute suppression of serum IgM and IgA in tank workers exposed to benzene. Scand J Immunol 64, 690-698.
Materials and methods
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzene
- EC Number:
- 200-753-7
- EC Name:
- Benzene
- Cas Number:
- 71-43-2
- Molecular formula:
- C6H6
- IUPAC Name:
- benzene
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Mean benzene exposure of the tank workers
(geometric mean was 0.15ppm (n=26) over the 3-day
study period was.
The geometric mean concentration of benzene in blood and urine was significantly
higher in tank workers than in referents at all sample periods
(pre-shift, post-shift, pre-next shift):
|
Blood |
Urine |
|
|
Pre-shift |
Post-shift |
Post-shift |
Tank workers |
1.4 |
12 |
27 |
Referents |
0.7 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
Comment: numerical data for other time-points not reported |
Baseline serum IgM for the tank
workers (0.70 g/l) was significantly lower than
that of the referents (0.98 g/l), with a further 4.9% decrease (significant)
at the post-shift sampling time.
Serum IgA was numerically (but not significantly) lower in pre-shift samples
from tank workers (1.91 g/l) compared to referents (2.18 g/l) but declined
by 5% (significant) in the benzene-exposed population at the post-shift
point. In contrast, mean levels of IgM and IgA for the referents
increased (5.1% and 0.6%, respectively) during the same period
There was no significant difference between the exposed and referent groups
for the other immune parameters included in the study.
IgM and IgA were found to be negatively correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient;
r) with benzene exposure in the tank worker group (no correlation
for IgE and IgG):
|
Time in tank |
Benzene exposure |
Post shift in blood |
benzene in urine |
IgM |
||||
Change post-shift |
-0.45* |
-0.42 |
-0.45* |
-0.36 |
Change pre-next shift |
-0.53* |
-0.27 |
-0.52* |
-0.42 |
IgA |
||||
Change post-shift |
-0.20 |
-0.06 |
-0.01 |
-0.01 |
Change pre-next shift |
-0.65** |
-0.36 |
-0.54* |
-0.53* |
There were no exposure-related alterations in total lymphocytes
however the concentration of CD4 T cells declined
significantly from baseline to post-shift and from
post-shift to pre-next shift in tank workers. The change
in total CD4 T cells from baseline to post-shift (but not in post-shift
to pre-next shift) was significantly correlated with the benzene
exposure.
Remark: The use of respirators among tank workers was not monitored and varied
between the subjects.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The authors conclude that relatively low exposure to benzene was linked with significant decreases in serum IgA, IgM and CD4 T cells in this study but recognise that the population size was small and the exposures within the tanks potentially complex.
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