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EC number: 251-311-5 | CAS number: 32961-44-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1978-09-29 - 1978-10-17
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Well-documented bacterial reverse mutation assay, conducted on the registered subtance itself, similar to OECD 471. TA 1538 was used as fifth tester strain instead of E. coli WP2 uvrA, or E. coli WP2 uvrA (pKM101), or S. typhimurium TA102. However, as these strains were induced to primarily detect cross-linking mutagens, and this is not the expected mode of action for a potential genotoxicity of isobutyl 4-chloro-3,5-diaminobenzoate, this deviation is not expected to have any impact on the reliability of the results. Also, minor parts of the test report were not available.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 978
- Report date:
- 1978
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Isobutyl 4-chloro-3,5-diaminobenzoate
- EC Number:
- 251-311-5
- EC Name:
- Isobutyl 4-chloro-3,5-diaminobenzoate
- Cas Number:
- 32961-44-7
- Molecular formula:
- C11H15ClN2O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-methylpropyl 3,5-diamino-4-chlorobenzoate
- Test material form:
- other: crystalline powder
- Details on test material:
- - Storage condition of test material: room temperature
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- his
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: see "any other information on materials and methods"
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: see "any other information on materials and methods"
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor 1254 induced rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- bacteria only / S9 fraction
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO 100 µL
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 3-methylcholanthrene
- 9-aminoacridine
- 2-nitrofluorene
- benzo(a)pyrene
- other: N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 6-Aminochrysene (6-AC), 2- Aminoanthracene (2-AA), Aflatoxin B1, 2-Aminofluorene (2-AF)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48 h
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): histidine-free media
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: triplicates - Evaluation criteria:
- All 3 control plates must have approximately equal numbers of revertant colonies. The solvent controls must have approximately the same number of colonies as spontaneous reversion controls. Positive mutagens must give at least 3x the number of colonies as the controls for spontaneous reversion. Any test with a strain which does not meet these criteria must be repeated on a separate day.
All criteria noted above must be met before results with an unknown agent can be evaluated. To be considered positive, an unknown agent should exhibit a dose response effect. That is, there should be an increasing number of mutants with increased amounts of test agent. For strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 and TA98, the first positive dose must produce 3x the number of colonies as the negative control. For strain TA100, at least one dose tested must produce 3.5x the number of mutants as the spontaneous reversion control.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: none stated
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: ambiguous
The study was well-performed according a method similar to OECD 471, there is no indication given that the results are not reliable. Hence, they can be used to assess the potential of isobutyl 4-chloro-3,5-diaminobenzoate to induce gene mutations in bacteria. The test agent did not induce a significant increase in the number of point mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains in the absence and presence of the activating system for strains TA1535, TA100. Hence, it should be regarded as negative is this test. On the other side, it did induce a significant increase in the number of point mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains in the absence and presence of the activating enzyme system of strains TA1537, TA1538, TA98. The increase was dose-dependent and ≥ 3 times over control, hence, it should be regarded as positive in this test. So, only based on this data, no conclusions can be drawn for the genotoxic potential of isobutyl 4-chloro-3,5-diaminobenzoate. The results should be considered as ambiguous, and additional data is required for a definitive assessment. - Executive summary:
In a reverse gene mutation assay in bacteria (similar to OECD 471), strains TA1535, TA100, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 of S. typhimurium were exposed to of isobutyl 4-chloro-3,5-diaminobenzoate in DMSO at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 µg/plate in the presence and absence of mammalian metabolic activation in plate incorporation.
The positive controls induced the appropriate responses in the corresponding strains. There was partial evidence and a concentration related positive response of induced mutant colonies over background.
The test agent did not induce a significant increase in the number of point mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains in the absence and presence of the activating system for strains TA1535, TA100. It did induce a significant increase in the number of point mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains in the absence and presence of the activating enzyme system of strains TA1537, TA1538, TA98. The increase was dose-dependent and ≥ 3 times over control. The results should be considered as ambiguous.
This study is classified as acceptable.
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