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EC number: 237-489-7 | CAS number: 13815-17-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP compliant, guideline study, available as an unpublished report, no restrictions, fully adequate for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 012
- Report date:
- 2012
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Due to good solubility, stirring time was reduced during test media preparation; analytical samples of test media had to be filtered prior to analysis
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Diamminedichloropalladium (II)
- IUPAC Name:
- Diamminedichloropalladium (II)
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Diamminedichloropalladium (II)
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): Cl2H6N2Pd
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 211.39 g/mole
- Physical state: yellow powder
- Analytical purity: >99.5%
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: 50.33% Palladium
- Lot/batch No.: 11011
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 31 October 2012
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature (15 - 30°C)
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples were taken from the test media at test start and after 48 hours. At test start a sample of fresh control media and freshly prepared test media of each treatment were taken just before distributing the test media to the test containers. After 48 hours all samples of the replicate vessels from each treatment were pooled prior to analysis. Duplicate samples of 20mL were taken and filtered (0.45 µm) at room temperature. Solutions were acidified with nitric acid (final concentration 1-3% HNO3). If samples were not analysed immediately they were stored deep-frozen at -20°C until analysis
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Test solutions were prepared by dissolving adequate amounts of test item in purified drinking water (filtered through activated charcoal, passed through a limestone column and aerated) and stirring for one hour.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain: Clone V
- Source: German Federal Environment Agency, Location Berlin-Marienfelde, Ecotoxicology Lab, 12307 Berlin, Germany
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 4 - 24 hours old
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 70 - 120 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- At test start: 20.1°C
At end of test: 20.5°C - pH:
- At test start: 8.03 - 8.07
At end of test: 7.93 - 8.05 - Dissolved oxygen:
- At test start: 8.9 - 9.7 mg/L
At end of test: 8.7 - 9.2 mg/L - Salinity:
- Not relevant
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Range finding test: nominal concentrations 10, 100 and 1000 µg palladium/L
Definitive test: nominal concentrations: Control, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg palladium/L,
corresponding to Control, 12.4, 24.8, 49.7, 99.3 and 198.7 µg DDP/L.
Mean measured concentrations: control, 4.73, 9.69, 20.52, 40.1 and 81.28 µg palladium/L,
corresponding to 9.4, 19.25, 40.77, 79.67 and 161.49 µg DDP/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: beaker
- Type: closed, covered with glass pane
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass beakers filled with 50 mL test solution
- Aeration: No
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Purified drinking water: filtered through activated charcoal, passed through a limestone column and aerated
- Conductivity: 171.6 µS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 0 and 48 hours
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light: 8 hours dark
- Light intensity: 592 - 597 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : immobilisation was determined daily and abnormalities in appearance noted
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations:10, 100, 1000 µg palladium/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: ) 0% immobilisation at 10µg palladium/L, 100% immobilisation in 100 µg palladium/L at 24 and 48 hours. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 35.19 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- palladium
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 69.91 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Diamminedichloropalladium
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 20.52 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- palladium
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 40.77 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Diamminedichloropalladium
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 40.1 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- palladium
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 79.67 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Diamminedichloropalladium
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: None observed
- Mortality of control: None - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 24-hour EC50 0.77 mg/L
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Determination of EC50 values was performed by probit analysis. NOEC and LOEC values were determined by the Fisher's Exact Binomial Test with Bonferroni correction.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 48-hour EC50 for Diamminedichloropalladium is 69.91 µg test item/L, corresponding to 35.19 µg Pd/L. The 48-hour NOEC is 40.77 µg test item/L, corresponding to 20.52 µg Pd/L.
- Executive summary:
A GLP compliant, OECD guideline study to assess the acute immobilisation of Daphnia magna was carried out (Fraunhofer 2012). It
is considered to be suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.
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