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EC number: 212-668-2 | CAS number: 842-07-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Repeated dose oral toxicity study was performed on mice to determine the toxic nature of 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14). In a 14 day repeated dose toxicity study, B6C3F1male and female mice were treated with C. I. Solvent Yellow 14 in the concentration of 0,6,000, 12,500, 25,000, 50,000, or 100,000 ppm ( 0, 1200, 2500, 5000, 10000 and 20000 mg/kg/day) orally in diet. All male and female mice were died at 12500, 25000, 50000 and 100000 ppm (2500, 5000, 1000 and 20000 mg/kg/day) dose. The mice were observed for clinical signs and mortality, gross and histopathology. No clinical signs of toxicity were noted and severe gross pathological effects such as dark red intestines and mildly congested livers were observed at 2500 mg/Kg/day and at higher doses. Therefore, No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was 1200 mg/kg/day when B6C3F1 male and female mice were treated with 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from study report
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 14 day repeated dose toxicity study of C. I. Solvent Yellow 14 orally in B6C3F1 mice.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material: C. I. Solvent Yellow 14 (1-phenylazo-2-naphthol)
- Molecular formula: C16H12N2O
- Molecular weight: 248.284 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: solid
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): 5.9 %
- Purity: 94.1% pure - Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- B6C3F1
- Details on species / strain selection:
- No data
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: NCI Frederick Cancer Research Center (Frederick, MD)
- Age at study initiation: 6 week old
- Weight at study initiation: No data available
- Fasting period before study: No data available
- Housing: Mice were housed by species, five per cage, in solid-bottom polycarbonate cage supplied with hardwood chip bedding. Cages and bedding were changed twice per week. Rack Filters with Dupon 2024 Spun-Bonded polyester filters were used.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Purina Laboratory Chow, ad libitum in feed hoppers that were changed weekly.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Tap water supplied and analyzed by the Columbus, Ohio, water department, ad libitum via an automatic watering system.
- Acclimation period: 2 weeks
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21° to 23°C
- Humidity (%): 40%-60% (relative humidity)
- Air changes (per hr): 15 times per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): Standard white fluorescent lighting provided illumination 12 hours per day.
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: No data available - Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Details on route of administration:
- No data
- Vehicle:
- other: Feed (Purina Laboratory Chow animal meal)
- Details on oral exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: Diets were formulated by mixing weighed amounts of Purina Laboratory Chow animal meal and the test chemical for 15 minutes in a Patterson-Kelly twin-shell blender equipped with an intensifier bar to give a dose range of 0, 1200, 2500, 5000, 10000 and 20000 mg/kg/day.
DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): In every 10 days
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): Purina Laboratory Chow
- Storage temperature of food: Formulated diets were stored at 23°C for no longer than 10 days
VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Purina Laboratory Chow
- Concentration in vehicle: 6,000, 12,500, 25,000, 50,000 and 100,000 ppm (0, 1200, 2500, 5000, 10000 and 20000 mg/kg/day)
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): No data available
- Lot/batch no. (if required): Not required
- Purity: No data available - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Analytical verification of doses were performed by using Gilford 2400-S spectrophotometer
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 14 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
- Remarks:
- 0, 6,000, 12,500, 25,000, 50,000 and 100,000 ppm (0, 1200, 2500, 5000, 10000 and 20000 mg/kg/day)
nominal in diet - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Total: 60
0 mg/Kg/day : 5 male, 5 female
1200 mg/Kg/day : 5 male, 5 female
2500 mg/Kg/day : 5 male, 5 female
5000 mg/Kg/day : 5 male, 5 female
10000 mg/Kg/day : 5 male, 5 female
20000 mg/Kg/day : 5 male, 5 female - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: No data available
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): Animals assigned to cages according to a table of random numbers.
- Rationale for selecting satellite groups: No data available
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: No data available
- Section schedule rationale (if not random): No data available
- Positive control:
- No data
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: No data available
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included: Mortality was observed.
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: No data available
BODY WEIGHT: No data available
- Time schedule for examinations: No data available
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): No data available
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: No data available
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data available
FOOD EFFICIENCY: No data available
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data available
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No data available
- Time schedule for examinations: No data available
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No data available
- Time schedule for examinations: No data available
- Dose groups that were examined: No data available
HAEMATOLOGY: No data available
- Time schedule for collection of blood: No data available
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: No data available
- Animals fasted: No data available
- How many animals: No data available
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: No data available
- Time schedule for collection of blood: No data available
- Animals fasted: No data available
- How many animals: No data available
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. No data available
URINALYSIS: No data available
- Time schedule for collection of urine: No data available
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: No data available
- Animals fasted: No data available
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. No data available
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No data available
- Time schedule for examinations: No data available
- Dose groups that were examined: No data available
- Battery of functions tested: sensory activity / grip strength / motor activity / other: No data available
OTHER: No data available - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
Gross pathological abnormalities were examined.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: No data available - Other examinations:
- No data available
- Statistics:
- No data available
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not specified
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Immunological findings:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Neuropathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- Clinical signs and mortality :
Mortality:
When treated with 12500, 25000, 50000 and 100000 ppm, all male and female mice were died.
Clinical signs:
No sign of toxicity were observed in treated mice.
Body weight and weight gain: No data available
Food consumption and compound intake: No data available
Food efficiency: No data available
Water consumption and compound intake: No data available
Opthalmoscopic examination: No data available
Haematology: No data available
Clinical chemistry: No data available
Urinanalysis: No data available
Neurobehaviour: No data available
Organ weights: No data available
Gross pathology: When treated with 2500, 5000, 10000 and 20000 mg/kg/day, severe effects were observed in male and female mice. Dark red intestines and mildly congested livers were observed in 1200 mg/Kg/day treated male and female mice. Dark red intestines and mildly congested livers were observed in 6000 ppm treated male and female mice.
Histopathology: No data available - Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 1 200 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: No significant alterations were noted at the mentioned dose level
- Critical effects observed:
- no
- Conclusions:
- The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was 1200 mg/kg/day when B6C3F1 male and female mice were treated with 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14).
- Executive summary:
Repeated dose oral toxicity study was performed on mice to determine the toxic nature of C. I. Solvent Yellow 14. In a 14 day repeated dose toxicity study , B6C3F1 male and female mice were treated with C. I. Solvent Yellow 14 in the concentration of 0,6,000, 12,500, 25,000, 50,000, or 100,000 ppm orally in diet. All male and female mice were died at 12500, 25000, 50000 and 100000 ppm (2500, 5000, 1000 and 20000 mg/kg/day) dose. The mice were observed for clinical signs and mortality, gross and histopathology. No clinical signs of toxicity were noted and severe gross pathological effects such as dark red intestines and mildly congested livers were observed at 2500 mg/Kg/day and at higher doses. Therefore, No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was 1200 mg/kg/day when B6C3F1 male and female mice were treated with 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14).
Reference
Table: Survival of mice in 14 days study period
Dose (mg/Kg/day) |
Survival |
|
Male |
Female |
|
1200 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
2500 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
5000 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
10000 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
20000 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 1 200 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- subacute
- Species:
- mouse
- Quality of whole database:
- The data is Klimicsh 2 and from study report.
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Repeated dose toxicity: Oral
Data from study report was reviewed to determine the toxic nature of 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14) upon repeated exposure by oral route. The studies are summarized as below:
In a 14 day repeated dose toxicity study (NTP, 1982), B6C3F1 male and female mice were treated with 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14) (CAS no 842-07-9) in the concentration of 0,6,000, 12,500, 25,000, 50,000, or 100,000 ppm orally in diet. All male and female mice were died at 12500, 25000, 50000 and 100000 ppm ( 0, 1200, 2500, 5000, 1000 and 20000 mg/kg/day) dose. The mice were observed for clinical signs and mortality, gross and histopathology. No clinical signs of toxcity were noted and severe gross pathological effects such as dark red intestines and mildly congested livers were observed at 2500 mg/Kg/day and at higher doses. Therefore, No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was 1200 mg/kg/day when B6C3F1 male and female mice were treated with C. I. Solvent Yellow 14. Accordingly a 91 day repeated dose toxicity study (NTP, 1982) was also performed. B6C3F1 male and female mice were treated with C. I. Solvent Yellow 14 (CAS no 842-07-9) in the concentration of 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 and 8,000 ppm (0, 83.4, 166.7, 333.4, 666.7 and 1333.3 mg/kg/day) orally in diet. All male and 5 female mice died on treatment with 1333.3 mg/Kg/day. The animals were observed for clinical signs, mortality, food consumption and gross and histopathalogy. Mean body weight gain was decreased on treatment of 333.4 and 666.7 mg/Kg/day. In addition, Splenic, renal and hepatic hemosiderosis and splenic congestion, necrosis, regeneration of renal cortical tubular epithelium and lymphoid depletion of the thymus were observed on treatment of 333.4 and 666.7 mg/Kg/day. Therefore, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) is 166.7 mg/kg/day when B6C3F1 male and female mice were treated with 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14).
In a chronic repeated dose toxicity study (NTP, 1982), B6C3F1 male and female mice were treated with 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14) (CAS no 842-07-9) in a concentration of 0, 500 or 1,000 ppm (0, 71.5 or 142.8 mg/Kg/day) orally in diet. No effects were observed on survival, clinical signs and food consumption of all treated mice as compared to control. Slightly decreased mean body weight were observed in 71.5and 142.8 mg/Kg/day after week 30 in males and after week 50 in females as compared to contorl. In addition, non-neoplastic lesion such as Alveolar/Bronchiolar adenoma of lung and malignant lymphoma of hematopoietic system, hepatocellular adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma of Liver and follicular-cell adenoma of thyroid and neoplastic lesion such as Leukemia and malignant lymphomas of various types and in various locations were observed in treated mice. But, Each type of tumor represented has been encountered previously as a spontaneous lesion in aging B6C3F1mice and considered as non- carcinogenic for mice. Therefore, No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 500 ppm (71.5 mg/kg/day) when B6C3F1 male and female mice were treated with 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14) orally in diet for 105 weeks.
Similar studies were also performed on rats.
In a 14 day repeated dose subacute toxicity study (NTP, 1982), F344/N male and female rats were treated with 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14) (CAS no 842-07-9) in the concentration of 0,6,000, 12,500, 25,000, 50,000 and 100,000 ppm (0, 600, 1250, 2500, 5000 or 10000 mg/Kg/day) orally in diet.1 male and 1 female died at 600 mg/Kg/day dose. All male and female rat died at 1250, 2500, 5000 and 10000 mg/Kg/day dose. In addition, severe gross pathological effects such as dark red intestines and mildly congested livers were observed at 600 mg/Kg/day and at higher doses. Therefore, the low observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) is 600 mg/Kg/day (6000 ppm) when F344/N male and female rats were treated with C. I. Solvent Yellow 14 orally in diet for 14 days.
Another 91 day repeated dose toxicity study (NTP, 1982) was also performed. F344/N male and female rat were treated with C. I. Solvent Yellow 14 (CAS no 842-07-9) in the concentration of 0, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 ppm (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) orally in diet. No effects were observed on survival of treated rats as compared to control. Decrease in mean body weight was observed in 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm (100, 200 and 400 mg/Kg/day) treated rat. Similarly, food consumption was decreased in 2000 and 4000 ppm (200 and 400 mg/Kg/day) treated rat as compared to control. In addition, Hepatic degeneration characterized by increased basophilia and a granular appearance of hepatocytes adjacent to the portal areas, while centrilobular hepatocytes had a hazy, almost vacuolated appearance were observed in 4000 ppm (400 mg/Kg/day) treated dose group and Pigment deposition in the tubular epithelium of the kidney cortex of 1000 ppm (100 mg/Kg/day) dose treated male and 500 ppm (50 mg/Kg/day) treated female rats were observed as compared to control. Therefore, No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) is 1000 ppm (100 mg/kg/day) when F344/N male and female rat were treated with 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14).
In a chronic repeated dose oral toxicity study (NTP, 1982), F344/N male and female rats were treated with 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14) (CAS no 842-07-9) in the concentration of 0, 250 or 500 ppm (0, 12.5 or 25 mg/kg/day) orally in diet. No effects were observed on survival, clinical sign and food consumption of all treated rat as compared to control. Decreased mean body weight was observed in 250 and 500 ppm (12.5 and 25 mg/Kg/day) treated rat as compared to control. In addition, Non-neoplastic lesions such as multifocal fibrosis of the cardiac valve, lymphoid hyperplasia of the lung in male rats and bile duct focal hyperplasia in female rats, atrophy of the pancreatic acinus, nephropathy and composed of eosinophilic or basophilic hepatocytes and accompanied by anangiectactic or cystic change small and multiple neoplastic nodules of the liver were observed in 250 and 500 ppm (12.5 and 25 mg/Kg/day) treated rats. Therefore, low observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) is 250 ppm (12.5 mg/kg/day) when F344/N male and female rats were treated with 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (C. I. Solvent Yellow 14) orally for 104 weeks. However, the study was not considered to be adequate because small numbers of animals were used and the dosage may not have been at the maximum tolerated level.
Based on the data summarized, the test chemical 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol is not likely to classify as toxicant upon repeated application by oral route of exposure. The NOAEL for mice ranges between 71.5 - 1200 mg/Kg bw and for rats, the No observed adverse effect level ranges between 12.5 - <600 mg/Kg bw. For this reason, the study with maximum value for No observed adverse effect level is considered as key study.
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
According to Annex IX of the REACH regulation, testing by the inhalation route is appropriate only if exposure of humans via inhalation is likely. Taking into account the low vapour pressure of the substance 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol, which is reported as 0.0000000734 mmHg (9.785e-06 Pa). Also considering the particle size distribution of the substance the majority of the particles were found to be in the size of 150 micrometer which is much larger size range compared to the inhalable particulate matter. Thus, exposure to inhalable dust, mist and vapour of the chemical 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol is highly unlikely. Therefore this study is considered for waiver.
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal
The acute toxicity value for 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (as provided in section 7.2.3) is >2000 mg/kg body weight. The substance was also found to be not irrtating to skin. Also, given the use of the chemical as dye compound; repeated exposure by the dermal route is unlikely. Thus, it is expected that 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol shall not exhibit 28 day repeated dose toxicity by the dermal route. In addition, there is no dermal absorption data as well as no data available that suggests that 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol shall exhibit repeated dose toxicity by the dermal route. Hence this end point was considered for waiver.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the data summarized, the test chemical 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (CAS No.- 842 -07 -9) is not likely to classify as toxicant upon repeated application by oral route of exposure.
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