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EC number: 202-851-5 | CAS number: 100-42-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 12 Apr 1988 - 10 May 1988
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO DIS 9408 (Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability - Method by Determining the Oxygen Demand in a Closed Respirometer)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Manometric respirometry of the BOD (biological oxygen demand)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: domestic, laboratory sewage treatment plant
- Concentration of sludge: 750 mg/L - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 91 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- pH: 6.5 - 7
TEST SYSTEM
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 7
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: daily
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes (2)
- Reference control: yes (1)
- Toxicity control: yes (1)
- Abiotic sterile control: yes (1) - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Parameter:
- other: ThOD
- Value:
- 68
- Sampling time:
- 10 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean of 7 samples
- Parameter:
- other: ThOD
- Value:
- 70.9
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean of 7 samples
- Parameter:
- other: COD
- Value:
- 100
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: mean of 7 samples
- Details on results:
- Duration of lag-phase: 3 days
Duration of log-phase: 5 days - Results with reference substance:
- ThOD of the reference substance (without nitrification): 2670 mg/g
ThOD of the reference substance (with nitrification): 3180 mg/g
% Degradation after 28 d: 73.2 % (of ThOD) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Executive summary:
Styrene was tested for readily biodegradability. The biodegradation after 28 d was determined to be 100%.
Reference
Duration of lag-phase: 3 days
Duration of log-phase: 5 days
IB1/2 = Inoculum blank
RC = Reference control
IH = Toxicity control
PC = Abiotic sterile control
1 -7 = Flasks with test substance and Inoculum
BOD (mg/L)
time [d] | IB1 | IB2 | RC | IH | PC | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 13 | 33 |
4 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 189 | 1 | 181 | 111 | 96 | 91 | 137 | 158 | 139 |
5 | 9 | 9 | 33 | 113 | 1 | 194 | 167 | 107 | 186 | 145 | 166 | 149 |
6 | 10 | 10 | 149 | 114 | 1 | 201 | 177 | 124 | 215 | 171 | 191 | 171 |
7 | 11 | 11 | 177 | 117 | 1 | 214 | 186 | 135 | 228 | 188 | 200 | 179 |
8 | 11 | 11 | 194 | 117 | 1 | 228 | 193 | 139 | 235 | 186 | 207 | 186 |
9 | 11 | 11 | 205 | 120 | 1 | 235 | 200 | 144 | 238 | 191 | 211 | 189 |
10 | 13 | 13 | 212 | 120 | 1 | 240 | 209 | 145 | 241 | 194 | 215 | 192 |
28 | 14 | 14 | 247 | 148 | 1 | 257 | 223 | 149 | 248 | 197 | 219 | 196 |
BOD (% of ThOD)
time [d] | IB1 | IB2 | RC | IH | PC | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
1 | -4.1 | 0 | 0.3 | -4.7 | -4.7 | -4.7 | -4.7 | -4.7 | -4.7 | -4.7 | ||
2 | -3.2 | -1.1 | 0.3 | -4.7 | -4.7 | -4.7 | -4.7 | -4.7 | -4.7 | -4.7 | ||
3 | -2.9 | -1.5 | 0.3 | -3.6 | -4.7 | -2.2 | -4.7 | -4.0 | -0.4 | 6.7 | ||
4 | -1.9 | 36 | 0.3 | 59.6 | 34.6 | 29.2 | 27.5 | 43.9 | 51.4 | 44.6 | ||
5 | 5.9 | 28.5 | 0.3 | 64.2 | 54.6 | 33.2 | 61.4 | 47.1 | 54.2 | 48.2 | ||
6 | 42.4 | -12.6 | 0.3 | 66.7 | 58.2 | 39.2 | 71.7 | 56.0 | 63.2 | 56.0 | ||
7 | 51.2 | -21.5 | 0.3 | 71.4 | 61.4 | 43.2 | 76.7 | 59.2 | 66.4 | 58.9 | ||
8 | 56.6 | -27.6 | 0.3 | 76.4 | 63.9 | 44.6 | 78.8 | 61.4 | 68.9 | 61.4 | ||
9 | 60.0 | -38.4 | 0.3 | 78.9 | 66.4 | 46.4 | 80.0 | 63.2 | 70.3 | 62.5 |
||
10 | 62.2 | -32.9 | 0.3 | 80.7 | 69.6 | 46.7 | 82.0 | 64.2 | 71.7 | 63.5 |
||
28 | 73.2 | -35.4 | 0.3 | 86.7 | 74.6 | 48.2 | 83.5 | 65.3 | 73.2 | 65.0 |
After 28 d (ThOD of the test substance: 3077 mg/g):
IB1 | IB2 | RC | IH | PC | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
BOD [mg/g] | 2330 | -1088 | 10.9 | 2670 | 2296 | 1483 | 2571 | 2011 | 2252 | 2000 | ||
BOD*100/ThOD | 73.2 | -35.4 | 0.3 | 86.7 | 74.6 | 78.2 | 83.5 | 65.3 | 73.2 | 65.0 |
Specific analytic at the end of the test:
Theoretical test concentration at the beginning of the test: 91 mg/L
Measured test concentration at the end of the test: < 0.05 mg/L
Elimination: 100 %
Description of key information
Readily biodegradable (according to OECD criteria). According to BASF 1988 the degradation rate is 100% for COD after 28 d.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
Ready biodegradation
Several tests are available which show that styrene is readily biodegradable. Ready biodegradability test ISO DIS 9408 (Directive 79/831/EEC Annex V, Part C – manometric respirometry test, equivalent to OECD 301F) was carried out by BASF AG (Ecological laboratory, unpublished data, test no. 388576, 1988). From an initial concentration of 91 mg/l in an activated sludge of domestic origin, 68% of ThOD was reached after ten days.
The closed bottle test was carried out with an initial concentration of 3,7 and 10 mg/l with bacteria from non-adapted domestic wastewater, first in freshwater and secondly in synthetic seawater (Price et al., 1974). Biodegradation was measured as BOD as a percentage of ThOD. The results were: degradation of 65% and 87% after five days and twenty days respectively in freshwater; and 8% and 80% after five days and twenty days respectively for the synthetic seawater. The closed bottle test is an approved EC test procedure, although this study pre-dates adoption by the EC. The guidelines suggest an initial concentration between 2 mg/l and 5 mg/l, and an inoculum derived from the secondary effluent of a treatment plant or lab-scale unit receiving predominantly domestic sewage. The test as performed matches the guidelines sufficiently to be considered as a valid test.
Another test result of ready biodegradability has been found, using the standard dilution BOD method (APHA Standard Methods No 219) with added alkyl thiourea to prevent nitrification. Magnetic stirring was used for sparingly soluble chemicals including styrene. From an adapted inoculum of predominantly domestic sewage, 80% degradation was observed after five days. From a non-adapted inoculum, 42% degradation occurred in the same period (Bridié et al., 1979).
Inherent biodegradation
The modified MITI test (II) (OECD Guideline 302C) was used to determine the inherent biodegradability of styrene (CITI, 1992). From an initial concentration of 30 mg/l in activated sludge, 100% had degraded after 14 days, leading to the conclusion that styrene is at least inherently biodegradable.
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