2,2'-(octadec-9-enylimino)bisethanol

Ecotoxicological Summary

Hazard for aquatic organisms

Freshwater

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC aqua (freshwater)

PNEC value:

0.16 µg/L

Assessment factor:

10

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):

0.43 µg/L

Marine water

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC aqua (marine water)

PNEC value:

0.016 µg/L

Assessment factor:

100

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

STP

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC STP

PNEC value:

1 500 µg/L

Assessment factor:

10

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

Sediment (freshwater)

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC sediment (freshwater)

PNEC value:

1.692 mg/kg sediment dw

Assessment factor:

50

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

Sediment (marine water)

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC sediment (marine water)

PNEC value:

0.169 mg/kg sediment dw

Assessment factor:

500

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

Hazard for air

Air

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Hazard for terrestrial organisms

Soil

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC soil

PNEC value:

5 mg/kg soil dw

Assessment factor:

100

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

Hazard for predators

Secondary poisoning

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC oral

PNEC value:

2 mg/kg food

Assessment factor:

300

Additional information

All endpoints are based on measured data applying assessment factors.

Both the PNEC_aquatic (based on tests performed in standard test media) and the higher tier PNEC_{aquatic bulk} (based on tests performed in natural river water) are calculated using the assessment factor as proposed by the TGD (REACH guidance R.16). 

The PNECsed and soil values calculated using the EPM method were till recently considered of lower reliability for ionic substances. Chen et al., 2014 have shown that for a quaternary ammonium compound the concentration of the unbound chemical (i.e., the freely dissolved concentration) is the relevant dose parameter and that thus effects for sediment and soil organisms can be predicted using the EPM without additional correction factor of 10 for additional exposure via ingestion as long as the pore water concentration is correctly predicted. Because of the availability of a measured equilibrium distribution coefficient between water and soil the use of the EPM without the additional correction factor of 10 is considered to be justified.

Conclusion on classification

Ecotoxicity

Aquatic ecotoxicity tests have been performed in standard test media to quantify the intrinsic toxicity for C&L purposes and in natural riverwater to derive the PNEC_aquatic-bulk to be used for environmental risk assessment purposes. The reasoning why this PNEC_aquatic-bulk is derived is explained in the next paragraph and in the endpoint summaries of the algae and long term daphnia tests. 

Due to intrinsic properties of amine containing cationic surfactants river water ecotoxicity tests deliver more reproducible test results with limited uncertainty. As river water has a mitigating effect on ecotoxicity due to sorption of the amines to DOC and suspended matter, is data obtained under standard test conditions prefered for classification and labeling purposes. If no data obtained under standard conditions is available the results of tests performed in natural river water can be corrected for the mitigation using a worst-case factor of 10 to the L(E)C₅₀ .

 

Biodegradability

The primary fatty amine ethoxylates are readily biodegradable.

 

Bioaccumulation potential

No measured BCF fish is available for the primary fatty amine ethoxylates. Standard OECD 305 tests are technically very complicated with these strongly sorbing readily biodegradable substances. Three valid measured log Kow values are however available as presented in the table below.

primary fatty amines ethoxylates	CAS number	Measured Log Kow
2,2'-(C12-18 evennumbered alkyl imino) diethanol	71786-60-2	0.7
2,2'-(C16-18 (evennumbered) alkyl imino) diethanol	1218787-30-4	3.6
2,2’(octadec-9-enylimino)-bisethanol	25307-17-9	3.4

 

The highest log Kow is observed for 2,2'-(C16-18 (evennumbered) alkyl imino) diethanol (CAS no 1218787-30-4). For this product has also the lowest CMC of 3.5 mg/L was observed. The measured log Kow value of 3.6 indicates a moderate bioaccumulation potential for narcotic substances. For polar narcotics like the primary fatty amine ethoxylates however there is only limited information on the relationship between log Kow and BCF. The observed rapid biotransformation of the C₁₂ to C₁₈ alkyldiethanol amines demonstrates that it will be very unlikely that these substances will accumulate in fish. This was confirmed by the calculated BCF values which were all below the CLP threshold value of 500 L/kg.

 

Aquatic ecotoxicity data available for 2,2’(octadec-9-enylimino)-bisethanol  (CAS no.: 25307-17-9)

Test type	Guideline	Result		Approach	Reference
Algae	OECD 201	72h ErC50 = 54 µg/L   Growth	Geometric mean measured	Serial dilution	Kean, 2014
		72h ErC50 = 86.7 µg/L Growth	Nominal	Bulk approach	Scheerbaum 2010
Acute daphnia	OECD 202	48h EC50 = 43 µg/L   Mobility	Geometric mean measured	Serial dilution	Gancet, 2009
Acute fish	OECD 203	96h LC50 = 100 µg/L   Mortality	Geometric mean measured	Serial dilution	Gancet, 2009
Algae	OECD 201	72h ErC10 = 16 µg/L   Growth	Geometric mean measured	Serial dilution	Kean, 2014
		72h ErC10 – 34.1 µg/L Growth	Nominal	Bulk approach	Scheerbaum 2010
Long-term daphnia	OECD 211	21d EC10 = 50.7 µg/L Reproduction	Nominal	WAF approach	Scheerbaum 2022
		21d EC10 = 17.2 µg/L Reproduction	Mean measured
		21d EC10 = 10.7 µg/L Reproduction	Nominal	Bulk approach	Scheerbaum 2010
Long-term fish	OECD 210	35d EC10 = 1.61 µg/L Weight	Mean measured	Flow through	Scheerbaum 2022

 

Aquatic PNEC:

PNEC_aquatic-Bulk = 0.215 µg/L using an assessment factor of 50 on the lowest EC10 of 10.7 µg/L which was observed for long-term daphnia and the availability of EC10 values for two trophic levels.

 

PNEC_aquatic = 0.16 µg/L using an assessment factor of 10 on the lowest EC10 of 1.61 µg/L which was observed for the long-term fish test result and the availability of EC10 values for three trophic levels.

 

Classification according to CLP (Classification, Labeling & Packaging Directive 1272/2008/EC)

As all acute ecotoxicity values given in the first table are below 1 mg/L. The substances should therefore be classified as acute aquatic hazard category 1.

Primary fatty amine ethoxylates are all ‘readily biodegradable’ and have a measured log Kow < 4. Based on long-term studies a classification for chronic aquatic toxicity is warranted according to CLP. This leads to the following environmental classification for 2,2’(octadec-9-enylimino)-bisethanol  (CAS no.: 25307-17-9)

 

Type of classification	Lowest effect value	Classification	Hazard statement	M-factor range	M-factor
Acute	7 µg/L	Acute 1	H400	0.001 < L(E)C50 ≤ 0.01 mg/L	100
Chronic	3.5 µg/L	Chronic 1	H410	0.001 < NOEC/EC10 ≤ 0.01 mg/L	1