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EC number: 203-401-0 | CAS number: 106-47-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
p-Chloroanilineis
metabolized completely by Chlorella fusca rubra mostly to water-soluble
products. 4 wk after application, 28% of the radioactivity was recovered
from algae and 35% from aqueous medium. Metabolites isolated were
p,p'-dichloroazoxybenzene and p,p'-chloroazobenzene from algae and
p-chloro-formanilide and p-chloroanilide from nutrient medium.
Reference:AnagnostopoulosE
et al; Chemosphere 7 (4): 351-7 (1978)
Microsomal fraction of germinated pea seeds oxidized 4-chloroaniline
(4-CA) primarily to 4-chloronitrosobenzene, although
(4-chlorophenyl)hydroxylamine was also a major product at high substrate
concn. The enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of (4-chlorophenyl)hydroxylamine
was faster than that for 4-chloroaniline. Oxidation of 4-chloroaniline
was dependent on hydrogen peroxide & would not proceed when O2 &
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reductase were substituted
for hydrogen peroxide. Further slow oxidation of 4-chloronitrosobenzene
to 4-chloronitrobenzene was an enzymatic process that was also dependent
on hydrogen peroxide.
Reference:Corbett
MD, Corbett BR; J Agric Food Chem 31 (6): 1276-82 (1983)
4-Chloroaniline undergoes N-oxidation in ram seminal vesicle microsomal
preparations supplemented with arachidonic acid to yield
N-(4-chlorophenyl)-hydroxyamine of the amine substrate to the same
organic solvent extractable products, suggesting that the hydroperoxides
activity of prostaglandin synthase is responsible for the co-oxidation.
Analysis of the reaction mixtures by ESR spectrometry reveals the
formation of a radical intermediate bearing the characteristics of a
strongly immobilized nitroxide.
Reference:Golly
I, Hlavica P; Biochem J 226 (3): 803-10 (1985)
PCA is rapidly metabolized. The main metabolic pathways of PCA are as
follows: a) C-hydroxylation in the ortho position to yield
2-amino-5-chlorophenol followed by sulfate conjugation to
2-amino-5-chlorophenyl sulfate, which is excreted per se or after
N-acetylation to N-acetyl-2-amino-5-chlorophenyl sulfate; b)
N-acetylation to 4-chloroacetanilide (found mainly in blood), which is
further transformed to 4-chloroglycolanilide and then to
4-chlorooxanilic acid (found in the urine); or c) N-oxidation to
4-chlorophenylhydroxylamine and further to 4-chloronitrosobenzene (in
erythrocytes).
Reference:International
Programme on Chemical Safety's Concise International Chemical Assessment
Documents. Number 48: 4-Chloroaniline (2003). Available from, as ofFebruary
22, 2005:
http://www.inchem.org/pages/cicads.html
From a case of acute PCA poisoning in humans (no details of
exposure/dose /or possible impurity of 2,4-dichloroaniline/), PCA (0.5%
free, 62% total), 2-amino-5-chlorophenol (36%), and 2,4-dichloroaniline
(1.7%; not reported in other studies), all in free and conjugated form,
were detected (using HPLC) as excretory products in the urine. The
biphasic elimination of the metabolites 2-amino-5-chlorophenol and
2,4-dichloroaniline was faster (half-lives of 1.7 hr for both
metabolites in the first phase [T1] and 3.3 and 3.8 hr for the two
metabolites, respectively, in the second phase [T2]) than that of PCA
(all forms: half-lives T1 2.4 hr, T2 4.5 hr). PCA and
2-amino-5-chlorophenol were still detectable in the urine on days 3 and
4.
Reference:International
Programme on Chemical Safety's Concise International Chemical Assessment
Documents. Number 48: 4-Chloroaniline (2003). Available from, as ofFebruary
22, 2005:
http://www.inchem.org/pages/cicads.html
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