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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 234-454-8 | CAS number: 12004-35-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: other routes
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: other routes
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for publication.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Changes In Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages In Rats Exposed To Oxides Of Zinc And Nickel
- Author:
- Migally N, Murthy RC, Doye A, Zambernard J
- Year:
- 1 982
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Submicrosc Cytol. 14: 621·626
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to NiO via intratracheal instillation for a single dose. A week later the lungs were prepared for transmission electron microscopy.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nickel monoxide
- EC Number:
- 215-215-7
- EC Name:
- Nickel monoxide
- Cas Number:
- 1313-99-1
- IUPAC Name:
- oxonickel
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): NiO
- Substance type: color unspecified
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: adult
- Weight at study initiation: 300-500 g
- Housing: cages
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: intratracheal
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Details on exposure:
- Injections administered directly into the lungs through the trachea. All animals were held upright on a slanted metal plate· during the intratracheal injections, then returned to their cages.
- Doses:
- 10 mg/mL
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 males
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 1 wk
- Other examinations performed: histopathology of lung via TEM
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect level:
- 10 mL/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: There was an absence of electron dense structures. The ultrastructure of pulmonary macrophages contained, “invaginated bizarre-shaped nuclei, that lacked prominent nucleoli.
- Mortality:
- Not reported.
- Clinical signs:
- Not reported.
- Body weight:
- Not reported.
- Gross pathology:
- Not reported.
- Other findings:
- - Histopathology:
Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) exhibited “invaginated bizarre-shaped nuclei, that lacked prominent nucleoli… The cytoplasm usually contained numerous primary and secondary lysosomes, pigment aggregation as well as several membranous whorls…Unlike ZnO-exposed lungs, pulmonary interstitial macrophages…were devoid of electron dense structures.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Not applicable.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The authors concluded that the absence of electron dense structures in the pulmonary interstitial macrophages of NiO-exposed animals suggests that Ni-associated dense bodies were still contained within the PAM even after a week-long recovery period. This suggests that NiO was not transferred to the interstitial macrophages as was noted in the lungs of ZnO-treated rats.
- Executive summary:
In a descriptive study examining the effects of NiO and ZnO on the ultrastructure of pulmonary macrophages (PAM) and pulmonary interstitial macrophages, Migally et al. (1982) exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=10) to a single dose of 10 mg/mL NiO (color unspecified) via intratracheal instillation. One week following exposure, lung tissue was collected and prepared for transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of pulmonary macrophages were described by the authors as, “invaginated bizarre-shaped nuclei, that lacked prominent nucleoli… The cytoplasm usually contained numerous primary and secondary lysosomes, pigment aggregation as well as several membranous whorls…Unlike ZnO-exposed lungs, pulmonary interstitial macrophages…were devoid of electron dense structures.” Based on these findings, the authors concluded that the absence of electron dense structures in the pulmonary interstitial macrophages of NiO-exposed animals suggested that Ni-associated dense bodies were still contained within the PAM even after a week-long recovery period. This suggests that NiO was not transferred to the interstitial macrophages as was noted in the lungs of ZnO-treated rats. The authors further stated that the functional ramifications of these effects remain to be elucidated. STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER
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