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EC number: 926-605-8 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1989-04-10 to 1989-07-12
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study is classified as reliable without restrictions because it is well documented and follows OECD Guideline 413.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 990
- Report date:
- 1990
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 413 (Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-Day Study)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): commercial hexane
- Physical state: clear, water white liquid
- Analytical purity: 100% active ingredient
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: 40-55% n-hexane, >10% methylcyclopentane
- Lot/batch No.: H01-26-89
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Fischer 344
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Raleigh, NC
- Age at study initiation: 8 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: approx. 181 g male, approx. 123 g female
- Housing: individually in stainless steel wire mesh cages, identified by tail tattoo
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Purina Rodent Chow Brand Animal Diet#5002, ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum, Elizabethtown Water Company
- Acclimation period: 20 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 68-75 degree F
- Humidity (%): 40-60
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hrs light/12 hrs dark
IN-LIFE DATES: From: April 10, 1989 To: July 12, 1989
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- other: unchanged (no vehicle)
- Remarks on MMAD:
- MMAD / GSD: Particle size measurements showed that there was no measurable amount of test substance present as aerosol.
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: 1000 l glass and stainless steel exposure chamber
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: individual cages
- Source and rate of air: chamber supplied air, 200-216 lpm
- Method of conditioning air: Test substance in a 5-gallon drum passed through a fluid metering pump into teflon tubing to a coiled glass rod in the volatilization chamber. Nitrogen was also fed into the volitization chamber. A heating element was positioned in the center of the glass coil to aid volatilization. The nitrogen and test substance mixture, then entered the exposure chamber.
- Air flow rate: 200-216 lpm
- Air change rate: 4.6-5.0 min.
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: GC
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes, once per week - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Air samples were drawn from the chamber via teflon tubing into charcoal tubes.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 13 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 hrs/day, 5 days/week
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 900, 3,000, 9000 ppm
Basis:
nominal conc.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 904, 2,984, 8,992 ppm (0, 3182, 10504, 31652 mg/m3)
Basis:
analytical conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 animals of each sex per dose
- Control animals:
- yes, sham-exposed
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily
- Cage side observations: mortality, toxicological and pharmacological effects
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: prior to test and week during the test
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: twice prior to test, weekly during test and at termination
FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
Weekly beginning one week prior to test
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: prior to test and prior to sacrifice
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: prior to test on 10 animals per sex, and at sacrifice
- Animals fasted: Yes
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, ether
- Parameters checked: erythrocyte count, hemoglobin count, hematocrit, total and differential leucocyte count, platelet count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: prior to test on 10 animals per sex, and at sacrifice
- Animals fasted: Yes
- Parameters checked: glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, fasting glucose, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, potassium, sodium, calcium, chloride, inorganic phophorus, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, creatine phosphokinase, lactic acid dehydrogenase - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
all orifices, cranial cavity, brain, spinal cord, nasal cavity, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
ORGAN WEIGHTS: Yes
adrenals, ovaries, testes with epididymides, kidneys, liver, brain, lungs, heart, spleen
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
abdominal aorta, adrenals, bone, bone marrow, brain, esophagus, eyes, optic nerve, larynx, ovaries, testes with epididymus, heart, kidneys, liver, intestine, gall bladder, lungs, lymph nodes, nerve, skeletal muscle, trachea, nasopharyngeal tissues, pancreas, pituitary, prostate, salivary gland, thymus, spinal cord, seminal vesicles, spleen, skin, stomach, thyroid, urinary bladder, uterus, exorbital lacrimal glands, Zymbal gland - Statistics:
- Statistical analysis was done on body weight, body weight gain, change in body weight, food consumption, change in food consumption, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, organ/body and organ/brain weight ratios.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- no effects observed
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
No rats died during the study. Transient excess lacrimation was observed in the female rats. No other effects attibutable to exposure were noted.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
Females in the high exposure group had sporadic reduced weight gain. As there was no consistant overall effect, this was not considered treatment related.
FOOD CONSUMPTION
There was no effect on food consumption.
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION
Two males in the high exposure group showed corneal dystrophy. As this is not uncommon in males of this strain of rat, it is not considered treatment related.
HAEMATOLOGY
There were increased platelets in high exposure males. High and medium exposure males also had increased mean corpuscular volume. The significance of these changes are uncertain.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
High exposure males had increased creatinine, total protein, and albumin. They had decreased serum chloride. The significance of these changes are also uncertain.
ORGAN WEIGHTS
High exposure males had increased organ/body and organ/brain weight ratios. High exposure males and females had increased relative spleen weights. Liver weights were also increased in high exposure males. The liver effects appeared to be treatment related.
GROSS PATHOLOGY
No treatment related effects were noted.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
There was hemorrhage and inflammation in male rat livers at the high dose level. There was also inflammation in the kidneys of males in the high and middle exposure groups. The significance of these effects are uncertain.
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Effect level:
- 2 984 ppm
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: 10504 mg/m3
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- Effect level:
- 8 992 ppm
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: 31652 mg/m3; liver and kidney effects
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Effect level:
- 8 992 ppm
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: 31652 mg/m3
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The NOAEC for male rats exposed via inhalation was 2984 ppm based on liver and kidney effects. The LOAEC for male rats was 8992 ppm. The NOAEC for female rats was 8992 ppm.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to determine the sub-chronic toxicity of commercial hexane via inhalation. Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were exposed to concentrations of 0, 904, 2,984, and 8,992 ppm of test substance for 6 hrs/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. During the exposure period, animals were examined for mortality, body weight, clinical signs, opthamological effects, and food consumption. At the end of the exposure period, the animals were sacrificed and examined for hematological parameters, clinical chemistry, gross pathology, organ weights, and histopathology. There was no mortality among the exposed groups, and no treatment related effects to body weight gain. At sacrifice, the only possible treatment related effects were hemorrhage and inflammation in high dose male livers. The significance of this effect is uncertain. The NOAEC for male rats in 2984 ppm, and the LOAEC is 8992 ppm (10504 mg/m3). The NOAEC for female rats in 8992 ppm (31652 mg/m3).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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