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EC number: 212-751-3 | CAS number: 866-81-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin sensitisation
Endpoint conclusion
- Additional information:
There are no data available on skin sensitisation of Tricobalt dicitrate. However, there are reliable data available for structurally related cobalt compounds. Thus, read-across was conducted based on structural analogues.
Cobalt(II)chloride hexahydrate caused positive reactions in a modified guinea pig maximization test (GMPT) (Wahlberg and Boman, 1978). The test item sensitised 100% of the test animals at the highest challenge dose (0.78% Tricobalt dicitrate; recalculated value, equivalent to 1% cobalt(II)chloride hexahydrate) tested 25 hours after removal of the Finn chambers. The percutaneous absorption rate of cobalt(II)chloride hexahydrate through normal skin is obviously sufficient to induce contact allergy.
Ikarashi et al. (1992) showed a sensitising potential of cobalt(II)chloride hexahydrate in a local lymph node assay (LLNA) conducted similar to OECD guideline 429. Repeated exposure to 5% (equivalent to 5.23% cobalt hydrogencitrate, recalculated value) for three consecutive days induced an increase of LNC proliferative response in the draining lymph node of mice and resulted in a total stimulation index of 4.54.
In conclusion, reliable studies using different protocols, either GPMT or LLNA, demonstrated that cobalt(II)chloride hexahydrate is a skin sensitiser in guinea pigs and mice. In humans, dermal exposure have been also observed to result in sensitisation to soluble cobalt salts. Contact allergy was reported in 22 of 223 (9.9%) nurses who were tested with a patch test of 1% cobalt(II)chloride (Kiec-Swierczynska and Krecisz, 2000), as well as 16 of 79 (20.3%) of examined dentists (Kiec-Swierczynska and Krecisz, 2002). Numerous human data also show that soluble cobalt salts are skin sensitisers (for example Kanerva et al., 1988; Goh et al., 1986; Alomar et al., 1985).
References:
Kiec-Swierczynska M and Krecisz B, 2002, Allergic contact dermatitis in dentists and dental nurses. Exogenous Dermatology. 1(1): 27 -31
Kanerva L et al., 1988, Occcupational skin disease in Finland, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 60: 89 -94
Goh et al., 1986, Occupational dermatitis in a prefabrication construction factory. Contact dermatitis, 15: 235 -240
Alomar A et al., 1985, Occupational dermatosis from cutting oils. Contact dermatitis, 12:129 -138
Migrated from Short description of key information:
The read-across substance cobalt(II)chloride hexahydrate was sensitising in the guinea pig maximization test as well as in the local lymph node assay. Based on the analogy approach, Tricobalt dicitrate is also expected to be a skin sensitiser.
Respiratory sensitisation
Endpoint conclusion
- Additional information:
There are no data available on respiratory sensitisation of Tricobalt dicitrate. However, there are human case reports for structurally related cobalt compounds. Thus, read-across was conducted based on structural analogues.
The available case reports reveal that soluble cobalt salts are capable of inducing hypersensitive reactions in the respiratory tract after inhalation exposure. These hypersensitive reactions include e. g. respiratory irritation, asthma, wheezing, pneumonia.
Shirakawa et al. (1989) reported that inhalation of cobalt(II)chloride aerosols can provoke an asthmatic attack in sensitised individuals. Inhalation exposure to cobalt salts among glass bangle workers resulted in decreases in ventilatory function relative to the control workers (Rastogi et al., 1991). Numerous human data also show that soluble cobalt salts are respiratory sensitisers (for example Roto, 1980; Swennen et al., 1993; Kusaka et al., 1996a, 1996b; Ruokonen et al., 1996; Linna et al., 2003).
References:
Roto P, 1980, Asthma, symptoms of chronic bronchitis and ventilatory capacity among cobalt and zinc production workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 6: 1 -49
Swennen B et al., 1993, Epidemiological survey of workers exposed to cobalt oxides, cobalt salts and cobalt metal. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 50: 835 -842
Kusaka Y et al., 1996a, Epidemiological study of hard metal asthma. Occup Environ Med 53: 188 -193
Kusaka Y et al., 1996b, Decreased ventilatory function in hard metal workers. Occup Environ Med 53: 194 -199
Ruokonen EL et al., 1996, A fatal case of hard-metal disease. Scand J Work Environ Health 22:62 -65
Linna A et al., 2003, Respiratory health of cobalt production workers. Am J Ind Med 44: 124 -132
Migrated from Short description of key information:
Case reports evidence the respiratory sensitisation by soluble cobalt salts in humans. Based on the analogy approach, Tricobalt dicitrate is also expected to be a respiratory sensitiser.
Justification for classification or non-classification
There are no data available on skin or respiratory sensitisation on Tricobalt dicitrate. However, there are reliable data available for structurally related compounds. Thus, read-across was conducted based on structural analogues.
Skin sensitisation:
DSD: R43
CLP: Skin sensitisation category 1
Respiratory sensitisation:
DSD: R42
CLP: Respiratory sensitisation category 1
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