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EC number: 202-879-8 | CAS number: 100-69-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1 March 2002 - 21 May 2002
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: OECD Guideline study under GLP conditions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 002
- Report date:
- 2002
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- : Ministry of the Environment, Japan (2001)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-vinylpyridine
- EC Number:
- 202-879-8
- EC Name:
- 2-vinylpyridine
- Cas Number:
- 100-69-6
- Molecular formula:
- C7H7N
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-ethenylpyridine
- Reference substance name:
- 2-ethenylpyridine
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-ethenylpyridine
- Details on test material:
- - Physical state: Red-brown and transparent liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.2 % (Capillary Column GC)
- Impurities: No data
- Lot/batch No.: ELE1957
- Storage condition of test material: in cool and dark place
- Stability under the storage condition: The test substance was stable under the storage conditions, because IR spectra of the test substance before and after the study were identical.
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Frequency:
At the start of the test and weekly thereafter from the freshly prepared solutions. (Total 3 times)
At the first renewal and weekly thereafter from the 24-hour old solutions. (Total 3 times)
- Sampling:
New (freshly prepared test solution); Samples were taken from the each vessel.
Old (old test solution before renewal); Samples were taken from the each vessel, and removed feeds by centrifugation.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test substance was weighed and dissolved with dilution water to produce a stock solution of 100 mg/L. Test solution was prepared in each test vessel by mixing the appropriate volume of the stock solution with dilution water. The test solution was divided into each test vessel.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain/clone: Clone A
- Source: Young daphnids produced by 18 d-old parents which were cultured in the testing laboratory were used. Daphnids originally came from the University of Sheffield (Address: Sheffield S10 2UQ, United Kingdom).
- Age at study initiation: ≪ 24 h-old
- Feeding during test: Chlorella vulgaris 0.1 - 0.2 mgC (contained organic carbon)/animal/day
OTHER
- Confirming the reproducibility of the test conditions:
Reference substance: pottasium dichromate, reagent chemical, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Results: 48h EC50: 0.262 mg/L (within the acceptable range* in this laboratory)
*mean �} 2S.D.: 0.0990 - 0.341 mg/L [mean�}S.D.: 0.220 �} 0.061 mg/L (n=33)]
- Reason for selection of species: Species recommended in the test guideline
- Allocation to the test groups: At random
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 36.0 - 41.6 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20.2 - 20.7 (20±1)°C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 8.0 (The test was performed without adjusting pH. The pH of the test solutions were kept within ± 1.5 during the exposure.)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.3 - 8.7 mg/L (≫ 60 % of the O2 saturation value ( ≫approx. 5mg/L))
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 4.00, 2.00, 1.00, 0.500 and 0.250 mg/L (geometric series with a factor of 2.0, basis on the 48-h acute immobilisation test and the preliminary test)
Measured concentrations: 3.71, 1.80, 0.901, 0.452 and 0.223 mg/L (% of the nominal: 94.2 - 102 % (at freshly prepared test solution) and 78.5 - 87.7 % (before renewal of the test solution)) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material: Glass
- Size: 100 mL
- Fill volume: 80 mL
- Thermostatic bath: Water bath with warming/cooling unit
- Renewal rate of test solution: Once a day
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dechlorinated tap water, aerated sufficiently and controlled temperature
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 h photoperiod daily
- Light intensity: At room light (≪1200 lux)
OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENTS
- Living or dead parent daphnia: The numbers of the living and the dead parent daphnia were recorded daily during the exposure. An animal is recorded as dead when it is immobile, i.e. when it is not able to swim, or if there is no observed movement of appendages or postabdomen under the stereomicroscope.
- The number of offspring and appearance: The numbers of offspring produced per parent animal were recorded everyday. And the appearance of offspring was observed.
- Appearance of parent animal: Body length, immobility, abnormal behaviour, presence of male, presence of eggs in the brood pouch, presence of ephippia or aborted eggs were observed.
- Test solutions: Dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, water temperature and total hardness of the test solutions were measured during the exposure (once a week at fresh and old media × three times). At the fresh media, another solution obtained from the container for preparation was used for the measurement. At the old media, the measurement was carried out for one test vessel in each level.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
48-h Acute immobilisation test (Refer to test number 92527):
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 48h EC50: 9.48 mg/L, NOEC: 3.23 mg/L
Preliminary test:
- Test concentrations: 5.00, 0.500 and 0.0500 mg/L (geometric series with a factor of 10)
- No. of organisms per concentration: 5
- Duration: 14 or 18 days
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: LOEC: 5.00 mg/L (nominal), NOEC: 0.500 mg/L (nominal) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.58 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL = 1.80-3.71 mg/L
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.933 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL = 0.648-1.35 mg/L
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.46 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL = 1.32-1.62 mg/L
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.06 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL = 0.939-1.19 mg/L
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.901 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals: The mortality of the parent animals in the control was 0% at the end of the test, which meets the criteria for validity of the test (i.e. not more than 20%). All parent animals were dead at 3.71 mg/L within 14 days. The mortality of the parent animals at 1.80 mg/L was 90% at the end of the test. The mortality of the parent animals were 30% and 10% at 0.901 mg/L and 0.223 mg/L, respectively. There was no siginificant differences between mortality of the control and these groups (0.901 mg/L and 0.223 mg/L). The cumulative number of dead parent animals and mortality of parent animals during the exposure were shown in Table 6.
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch: 8 days (control), 9.1 days (Mean, 3.71 mg/L), 8 days (1.80 - 0.223 mg/L). See Table 7.
- The mean cumulative number of juveniles produced per parent animal: 114 (control, meets the criteria for validity of the test (i.e. ≫60)), 0 (3.71 mg/L ), 31 (1.80 mg/L), 84.9 - 94.4 (0.901 - 0.223 mg/L). See Table 8 and 9.
- Body length and appearance of parent animals:
3.71 mg/L; growth inhibition within 5-11 days, discoloured body within 7-10 days, reduced activity within 9-11 days
1.80 mg/L; discoloured body after 10 days, reduced activity after 14 days, leathargic after 19 days
0.901 mg/L; discoloured body after 13 days, reduced activity at 21th day
0.452 mg/L; discoloured body after 15 days, leathargic after 19 days
0.223 mg/L; discoloured body after 15 days
Control; No abnormal appearance were observed
- Ephippia: None. A few aborted eggs and dead offsprings were observed at all exposure groups except for the group of 3.71 mg/L.
- Appearance of the test solutions: clear and colorless (freshly prepared test solution), light green (old test solution before renewal)
- There were no factors which might have affected the reliability of the test - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The results of the study were estimated by time weighted mean of the measured concentration because measured concentrations were exceeded ± 20% of nominal concentrations during the exposure.
STATISTICS
- 14d LC50: Binominal method
- 21d LC50: Probit analysis
- 21d EC50: Moving average method
- LOEC and NOEC: Bartlett test, one-way analysis of variance (number of dead parent animals), Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test (first-brood release day), one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe multiple comparison (cumulative number of juveniles produced per parent animal); The groups of higher concentration than LC50 or EC50 were excluded from statistics.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 6. Cumulative number of dead parent animals and mortality of parent animals
Measured concentration (mg/L) | Exposure days | |||||||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | |
Control | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.223 | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (10) |
1 (10) |
1 (10) |
1 (10) |
1 (10) |
0.452 | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (10) |
1 (10) |
0.901 | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (20) |
3 (30) |
3 (30) |
1.80 | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
5 (50) |
8 (80) |
8 (80) |
8 (80) |
9 (90) |
9 (90) |
3.71 | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (20) |
8 (80) |
9 (90) |
9 (90) |
10 (100) |
10 (100) |
10 (100) |
10 (100) |
10 (100) |
10 (100) |
10 (100) |
10 (100) |
Values in parenthesis are mortality (%) of parent animals
Table 7. Time to first brood release of parent animals
Measured concentration (mg/L) | First-brood release day (Exposure days) | Mean | ||||||||||
Vessel No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||
Control | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8.0 | |
0.223 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8.0 | |
0.452 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8.0 | |
0.901 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8.0 | |
1.80 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8.0 | |
3.71 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 9.1 |
Table 8. Mean cumulative number of juveniles produced per surviving parent animals
Measured concentration (mg/L) | Exposure days | ||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | |
Control | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 42.8 | 42.8 | 42.8 | 74.1 | 74.2 | 74.2 | 74.3 | 97.2 | 97.2 | 97.2 | 114 |
0.223 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 42.4 | 42.4 | 42.4 | 70.6 | 71.4 | 71.4 | 71.4 | 86.0 | 86.8 | 86.8 | 94.4 |
0.452 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 42.4 | 42.4 | 42.4 | 72.2 | 72.7 | 72.7 | 72.7 | 82.4 | 82.4 | 82.4 | 93.0 |
0.901 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 35.1 | 36.7 | 38.3 | 60.6 | 63.1 | 63.1 | 63.1 | 75.4 | 75.4 | 79.1 | 84.9 |
1.80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 28.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 31.0 | 31.0 | 31.0 | 31.0 | 31.0 | 31.0 | 31.0 |
3.71 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Only surviving parent animals at the end of the test were presented.
-: All parent animals were dead
Table 9. Cumulative number of juveniles produced per surviving parent animals
Measured concentration (mg/L) | Exposure days | |||||||||||||
Vessel No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Mean | S.D. | Significant difference | |
Control | 96 | 86 | 95 | 110 | 122 | 124 | 114 | 122 | 136 | 132 | 114 | 16.7 | # | |
0.223 | 67 | 70 | 99 | 119 | 112 | 73 | 109 | 80 | - | 121 | 94.4 | 22.0 | # | |
0.452 | 111 | 87 | 124 | 70 | - | 129 | 95 | 66 | 65 | 90 | 93.0 | 24.2 | # | |
0.901 | 66 | - | 83 | 99 | - | 112 | - | 61 | 94 | 79 | 84.9 | 18.2 | # | |
1.80 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 31 | 31.0 | * | Excluded | |
3.71 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | * | * | Excluded |
-: Parent animals were dead
*: Unable to calculate or no data
1.80 mg/L and 3.71 mg/L were excluded from statistics
NOEC: 0.901 mg/L
LOEC: 1.80 mg/L
#: Indicated no significant difference
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Mortality among parental controls was < 205 and average offspring numbered greater than 60/mating pair.
- Conclusions:
- The reproductive toxicity of 2-Vinylpyridine to Daphnia magna was investigated in an OECD 211 guideline protocol, and time weighted average estimates of dosage were established because the measured concentrations were more than 20% lower than nominal concentrations . After 21 days of exposure, the EC50 for reproduction was 1.06 mg/L, and the NOEC was 0.901 mg/L. For mortality at 21 days, the LC50 was 0.933 mg/L.
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