1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

03/2013 - 04/2013

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Method of administration: direct weighing

Details on test solutions:

Reconstituted water (so-called 'M4 medium' according to OECD 202, annex 1) was used for the maintenance of the test animals and the preparation of stock and test solutions of the test item.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Name: Daphnia magna STRAUS, parthenogenetic females
Source: Strain of Bundesgesundheitsamt Berlin
Maintenance and Acclimatisation: A population of parthenogenetic females of synchronized age structure has been maintained for more than 15 years in the test facility under constant temperature conditions (20 +/- 1 °C) at a 16 : 8 hour light-dark photoperiod (light intensity: < 20 μE x m-2 x s-1). The culture water (so-called 'M4 medium') was partly renewed once a week. The Daphnia were exclusively fed unicellular green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) 'ad libitum'. Mortalities of parent Daphnia during the culture period were recorded daily in a semi-quantitative way. The neonates were separated from their parent Daphnia by filtration prior to the acute test.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

15.0° dH (= 268 mg/L CaCO3)

Test temperature:

19.4 - 20.9°C

pH:

7.8 - 8.0

Dissolved oxygen:

8.1 - 8.7 mg/L ( 91 - 99 %)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

- limit test concentration of nominally 10 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

Pre-treatment of test item and preparation of test item concentrations:
A direct weighing was prepared to produce the only test item concentration. To achieve this 10.3 mg of the test item were weighed out on 2013-03-18 and 2013-03-19 and were added each to 1 litre of dilution water, treated for 1 hour in an ultrasonic bath and stirred for 24 h on a magnetic stirrer. Undissolved particles of the test item were removed by filtration using a folded filter with a pore size of 7-12 µm. The pH was measured to be 7.8.

50 mL of the solution were taken and diluted with 0.5 mL of dilution water containing 5 daphnids resulting in the final test item concentration. For each test item concentration and the control 4 replicates were prepared
Exposure conditions:
Test vessels: 100 mL glass beakers covered with watch glasses holding 5 neonates in 50 mL of test medium
Experimental design: 1 test concentration plus 1 control
5 neonates per vessel, 4 replicates per concentration/control
no feeding during the exposure period
neonates were placed in prepared media
Photoperiod: 16 h light : 8 h dark, semi static system
Temperature of incubation unit: 20.4°C

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 0.096 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 0.134 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

The results are expressed in terms of geometric mean measured concentrations at 24 and 48 h. Effective concentrations ranged from 1.3 % to 3.3 % of nominal values in the freshly prepared media and from 0.7 % to 1.0 % of nominal values in the media after 24 hours of exposure.

Chemical analysis	0 h 2013 -03 -19	24 h 2013 -03 -20	0 h 2013 -03 -20	24 h 2013 -03 -21
HPLC value [mg/L]	0.126	0.0738	0.332	0.105

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

The immobilisation and other abnormalities in the controls did not exceed 10 % by the end of the test. The dissolved oxygen concentration remained above 3 mg/L throughout the exposure period.

Conclusions:

The acute toxicity of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone to Daphnia magna was investigated in a semi-static test. After 48 hours of exposure an EC50 of > 0.134mg/L (geometric mean) was determined. No toxic effect was observed.

Executive summary:

A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone to Daphnia magna STRAUS under semi-static conditions. The study was conducted in accordance with the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No.202 'Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test'. A range finding test preceded the main test. It provided information about the range of concentrations which were used in the main test. The following nominal concentrations of the test item were tested in the range finding test: 1 and 10 mg/L. In the main test, Daphnia were exposed to the substance added to dilution water at a limit test concentration of nominally 10 mg/L for a period of 48 hours. At this concentration no toxic effects against Daphnia were observed at the end of the 48 hour study period. The obtained 48h-EC50 was > 0.134 mg/L. The result is expressed in term of geometric mean measured concentrations at 24 and 48 h. Effective concentrations ranged from 1.3 % to 3.3 % of nominal values in the freshly prepared media and from 0.7 % to 1.0 % of nominal values in the media after 24 hours of exposure. During the test a temperature range of 19.4 - 20.9 °C was maintained in the test vessels, with a maximum temperature fluctuation of +/- 1 °C in each individual test. The temperature, the pH and the oxygen values were measured every day in the freshly prepared media and in the media after 24 hours of exposure. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for the acute Daphnia study.

Description of key information

The acute toxicity of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone to Daphnia magna was investigated in a semi-static test. After 48 hours of exposure an EC50 of > 0.134mg/L (geometric mean) was determined. No toxic effect was observed.

Additional information

A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone to Daphnia magna STRAUS under semi-static conditions. The study was conducted in accordance with the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No.202 'Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test'. A range finding test preceded the main test. It provided information about the range of concentrations which were used in the main test. The following nominal concentrations of the test item were tested in the range finding test: 1 and 10 mg/L. In the main test, Daphnia were exposed to the substance added to dilution water at a limit test concentration of nominally 10 mg/L for a period of 48 hours. At this concentration no toxic effects against Daphnia were observed at the end of the 48 hour study period. The obtained 48h-EC50 was > 0.134 mg/L. The result is expressed in term of geometric mean measured concentrations at 24 and 48 h. Effective concentrations ranged from 1.3 % to 3.3 % of nominal values in the freshly prepared media and from 0.7 % to 1.0 % of nominal values in the media after 24 hours of exposure. During the test a temperature range of 19.4 - 20.9 °C was maintained in the test vessels, with a maximum temperature fluctuation of +/- 1 °C in each individual test. The temperature, the pH and the oxygen values were measured every day in the freshly prepared media and in the media after 24 hours of exposure. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for the acute Daphnia study.