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EC number: 815-137-9 | CAS number: 573762-62-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 08 Jan 2021 to 26 Feb 2021
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 021
- Report date:
- 2021
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- July 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 5-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carbonitrile
- EC Number:
- 815-137-9
- Cas Number:
- 573762-62-6
- Molecular formula:
- C7H4F3N3
- IUPAC Name:
- 5-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carbonitrile
- Details on test material:
- - Appearence : Slightly yellowish brown fine powder
- CAS Number: 573762-62-6
- Molecular formula: C7H4F3N3
- Molecular weight: 187.12
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- lot/batch number of test material: BI03K2005005
- Expiry date: 02 June 2021 (retest date)
- Physical Description: Almost white to yellow powder (determined by Charles River Den Bosch)
- Purity: 99.7%
- Purity correction factor: no correction factor required
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature
- Stability under test conditions: not indicated
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples for possible analysis were taken from all test concentrations and the control according to the schedule below.
- Frequency: at t=0 h, t=24 h and t=72 h.
- Volume: 2.0 mL from the approximate centre of the test vessels.
- Storage Samples were stored in a freezer (≤-15°C) until analysis at the analytical laboratory of the Test Facility.
At the end of the exposure period, the replicates with algae were pooled at each concentration before sampling. Compliance with the quality criteria regarding maintenance of actual concentrations was checked by running a test vessel at 32 mg/L but without algae (abiotic control) and samples for analysis were taken at the start and at the end of the test period. Additionally, reserve samples of 2.0 mL were taken from all test solutions for possible analysis. If not already used, these samples were stored in a freezer (≤-15°C) for a maximum of three months after delivery of the draft report, pending on the decision of the sponsor for additional analysis.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Preparation of test solutions started with the highest concentration of 100 mg/L applying one hour of ultrasonic treatment to accelerate dissolution of the test item in medium. Lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the highest concentration in test medium.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): All final test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: NIVA CHL 1
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): In-house laboratory culture
- Method of cultivation: Algal stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 21-24°C. M1 medium was used.
- Pre-culture: 3 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in M2 medium (according to the OECD 201 Guideline) at a cell density of 1E+04 cells/mL. The pre-culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test. Cell density was measured immediately before use.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not relevant (except pre-culture 3 days before start of the test)
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 24 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- Between 21-22 °C
- pH:
- 7.9-8.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported
- Salinity:
- Not relevant
- Conductivity:
- Not relevant
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- final test:
- nominal concentrations: 0 (control), 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L
- measured concentrations (0 h): nd, 9.40, 17.3, 32.0, 65.1, 95.2 mg/L
- measured concentration (72 h): nd 10.1, 18.3, 32.2, 66.9, 101 mg/L
Samples taken from all test concentrations and the control were analysed. The measured concentrations were in agreement with the nominal concentrations, i.e. varied between 94 and 119% relative to the nominal values at the start and the end of the 72-hour exposure period. No test item was detected in the samples taken from the control solution. Based on these results, effect parameters were expressed as analytically confirmed nominal concentrations. The concentrations measured in the solution without algae (abiotic control) were comparable with the concentrations measured in the samples with algae. This indicates that the presence of algae does not affect the test item concentrations in test medium. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): capped vessels
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL all-glass flasks filled with 50 mL test solution
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): no flow-through system applied
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): no renewal
- Initial cells density: 10,000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 132.8 x 10,000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 5
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: M1; according to the NPR 6505 (“Nederlandse Praktijk Richtlijn no. 6505”)
formulated using Milli-RO water (tap-water purified by reverse osmosis
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used:
NaNO3 500 mg/L
K2HPO4.3H2O 39.5 mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O 75 mg/L
Na2CO3 2O mg/L
C6H8O7.H2O 6 mg/L
NH4NO3 330 mg/L
CaCl2.2H2O 35 mg/L
C6H5FeO7.xH2O 6 mg/L
H3BO3 2.9 mg/L
MnCl2.4H2O 1.81 mg/L
ZnCl2 0.11 mg/L
CuSO4.5H2O 0.08 mg/L
(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O 0.018 mg/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: M2 according to the OECD 201 guideline, formulated using Milli-RO water
- Culture medium different from test medium: Yes (M1 versus M2). Three days before the start of the test the algal stock culture were inoculated in the same culture medium (M2) used in the test. The culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: temperature measured continuously, pH at the beginning and the end of the test.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- illumination: TLD-lamps with a light intensity within the range of 60 to 120 μE/m²/s.
- Adjustment of pH: none
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 60 to 120 μE/m2/s when measured in the photosynthetically effective wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm, using TLD-lamps.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter] At the beginning, cells were counted using a microscope and a counting chamber. Thereafter, cell densities were determined by spectrophotometric measurement of samples at 680 nm using a spectrophotometer with immersion probe.
- effect calculated parameters: specific growth rate and yield
TEST CONCENTRATIONS (range-finding test)
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10 (range finding study); 1.8 (final test)
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.10 to 100 mg/L (range finding study)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 89 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 85 - <= 93
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 18 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
The 72h-NOEC for yield was 10 mg/L based on statistical significance.
The 72h-EC50 for yield was 41 mg/L based on statistical significance. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Experimental Start Date: 15 Jan 2021
Experimental Completion Date: 21 Jan 2021
The batch of Raphidocelis subcapitata tested showed expected sensitivity to Potassium dichromate, based on the historical range of reference tests performed by the Test Facility in the last ten years.
The raw data from this study are kept in the Charles River Den Bosch archives. The test described above was performed non-GLP. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- For determination of the NOEC and the ECx the approaches recommended in the OECD guideline 201 were used. An effect was considered to be significant if statistical analysis of the data obtained for the test concentrations compared with those obtained in the negative control revealed significant inhibition of growth rate or inhibition of yield (Williams Multiple Sequential t-test, α=0.05, one-sided, smaller). This statistical comparison was preceded by a check on normal distribution of the data (Shapiro-Wilk’s Test) and a test for homogeneity of the variances (Levene’s test). Calculation of ECx-values was based on probit analysis using linear max. likelihood regression with the percentages of growth rate inhibition and the percentages of yield inhibition versus the logarithms of the corresponding nominal concentrations of the test item. ToxRat Professional v 3.2.1 (ToxRat Solutions® GmbH, Germany) was used to perform the analysis.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, under the conditions of the present study with Raphidocelis subcapitata, JNJ-61232574-AAA (T003630) inhibited growth rate of this freshwater algae species significantly at analytically confirmed nominal concentrations of 32 mg/L and higher.
The 72h-EC50 for growth rate inhibition (ERC50) was 89 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 85 to 93 mg/L.
The 72h-EC50 for yield inhibition (EYC50) was 41 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 37 to 46 mg/L.
The 72h-NOEC for growth rate inhibition was 18 mg/L based on statistical significance.
The 72h-NOEC for yield inhibition was 10 mg/L based on statistical significance.
The results of the test can be considered reliable without restriction.
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