Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 201-741-4 | CAS number: 87-39-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Water solubility
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- August 2014
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The solubility of violuric acid was determined at different pH by dissolving violuric acid in water or buffer or sodium hydroxide followed by shaking at 25 or 50°C for up to 14h. Hereafter the samples were centrifuged and filtrated to remove insolubles, pH measured and concentration of violuric acid measured with absorbance at 550nm and compared to a reference violuric acid of 1.75 g/L.
Experiment 1
0.4 g violuric acid monohydrate in 10 mLwater or buffer followed by incubation with shaking for 14 hours at 50 °C and afterwards reduced heat to 25 °C and continued shaking for 2 hours.Centrifugation of the tubes at 25 °C for 5 minutes and removal of supernatant.Filtration to remove insolubles and measurement of pH. Herafter 5 times dilution in 100 mM disodiumhydrogen phosphate and measurement of absorbance at 550 nm and comparision to a reference violuric acid of 1.75 g/L (10 mM) in 100 mM disodiumhydrogen phosphate.
Experiment 2
0.4 g violuric acid monohydrate in 10 mLwater or sodium hydroxidefollowed by incubation with shaking for 1 hour at 25°C. Centrifugation of the tubes at 25 °C for 5 minutes and removal of supernatant.Filtration to remove insolubles and measurement of pH. Herafter 5 times dilution in 100 mM disodiumhydrogen phosphate and measurement of absorbance at 550 nm and comparision to a reference violuric acid of 1.75 g/L (10 mM) in 100 mM disodiumhydrogen phosphate.
23. Incubate with shaking for 1 hours at 25 °C
Experiment 3
0.438 g violuric acid monohydrate in 25 ml sodium hydroxide/buffer mixture.Incubation with shaking for 1 hour at 50 °C and afterwards reduced heat to 25 °C and continued shaking for 1 hours.Centrifugation of the tubes at 25 °C for 5 minutes and removal of supernatant.Filtration to remove insolubles and measurement of pH. Herafter 5 times dilution in 100 mM disodiumhydrogen phosphate and measurement of absorbance at 550 nm and comparision to a reference violuric acid of 1.75 g/L (10 mM) in 100 mM disodiumhydrogen phosphate.
Violuric acid reference: Dissolve 175 mg violuric acid monohydrate in 100 mL 100 mM disodiumhydrogen phosphate - GLP compliance:
- no
- Key result
- Water solubility:
- ca. 8 g/L
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- ca. 3
- Details on results:
- Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3
pH g/L pH g/L pH g/L
2.91 8.4 2.89 7.7 4.42 5.3
3.48 8.6 4.24 12.8 5.34 8.3
3.56 9.0 4.2 12.0 5.5 16.0
3.73 9.5 4.69 10.1 6.3 17.4
3.92 10.6 5.79 15.3 7.01 17.2
3.54 8.8 5.69 22.4 7.39 17.5
3.38 9.1 - - - -
3.25 9.5 - - - -
3.22 9.8 - - - -
3.17 10.4 - - - - - Conclusions:
- Solubility of violuric acid is dependent on pH and in pure water the pH ends in less than 3 and solubility is ca. 8g/L.
- Executive summary:
Violuric acid has limited solubility in the acid form. In pure water the pH ends at less than 3 and solubility is
around 40-50 mM (8 g/liter). Titration of the acid to the violurate form is required to increase solubility.
Too much sodium hydroxide apparently degrades violuric acid and form a reddish compound that,
however, may not be very soluble. A maximum solubility was not determined since it may require slow
titration rather than a one step reaction.
The suggested conditions for a 100 mM solution of violuric acid (17.5 g/liter) is 60 mM sodium hydroxide
and 50 mM dibasic sodium phosphate. This mixture is soluble at both 50 and 25 °C and have a pH of about
6.3.
- Endpoint:
- water solubility
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2018-05-30 to 2018-08-16
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 105 (Water Solubility)
- Version / remarks:
- 1995
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of method:
- flask method
- Key result
- Water solubility:
- 7.04 g/L
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Loading of aqueous phase:
- 52 g/L
- Incubation duration:
- 3 d
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- 3
- Remarks on result:
- other: Average of day1, 2 and 3. Standard deviation was 0.107. Equilibrium reached at 24h.
- Conclusions:
- The water solubility of violuric acid at 20°C is 7.04g/L.
- Executive summary:
The water solubility of violuric acid was determined according to OECD Test Guideline 105 with the flask method.
Duplicate samples were prepared and analysed with HPLC after 24, 48 and 72h. Equilibrium was reached after 24h and the average concentration of the violuric acid was 7.04 +/- 0.127 g/L at 20°C.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The water solubility of violuric acid was assessed in House under different pH conditions and according to OECD test guideline no. 105 at the Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute in Japan (CERI). The internally obtained results indicate a water solubility of 8g/L and according to OECD TG water solubility of violuric acid at 20°C is 7.04g/L. The results from CERI obtained according to current OECD test guidelines are used for the water solubility of violuric acid.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Water solubility:
- 7.04 g/L
- at the temperature of:
- 20 °C
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.