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EC number: 266-257-8 | CAS number: 66215-27-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to bees: acute contact
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1994/07/19 to 1994/07/29
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- Study performed under GLP conditions. The guidelines followed in this study are EPPO Guideline No 170 (1992). No deviations occurred from these guidelines.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 994
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPPO Guideline No 170
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Application method:
- other: Oral and contact
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
- EC Number:
- 266-257-8
- EC Name:
- N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
- Cas Number:
- 66215-27-8
- Molecular formula:
- C6H10N6
- IUPAC Name:
- N2-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The test material is cyromazine.
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Young workerbees of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) were treated with varied concentrations (concentration series) of the test substance and of the reference substance. The treated bees were kept under controlled climatic conditions and assessed for toxic effects up to 48 hours. Two different treatments were used permitting the evaluation of toxic feeding effects and contact effects of the test substance and the reference substance.
For the oral toxicity test, the bees were fed with a defined quantity of a 50 % aqueous sucrose solution that contained varied concentrations (concentration series) of the test substance. The test was performed by way of group feeding: ca. 0.2 mL (= 0.251 g) of the test solution were offered to ten bees per cage. After feeding the food tube was reweighed to control the eaten up quantity of the test solution.
For the contact toxicity test, the compounds were dissolved in acetone. With anaesthetized bees were treated individually by topical application with an Eppendorf Micropipette. 10 of the test solution resp. 1 of the reference solution were dosed to the thorax of each bee. After application, the test cages were supplied with water and food tubes (with candy) and transferred to the climatic room.
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Methanol for the contact toxicity test (acetone was used for the reference toxic item dimethoate in the contact toxicity test)
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- The exactly measured amounts of the substances were mixed with sucrose solution or methanol substance) immediately before application.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Apis mellifera
- Animal group:
- Hymenoptera (honeybees)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: External Non-Lab source
- Age at study initiation: adult worker bees
- Diet: Sugar/honey solution available throughout 48 hour test duration
- Acclimation period: Acclimatized to the test conditions for 1-2 hours before treatment
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 26 - 28°C
- Humidity:
- 47 - 48% as relative humidity
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- 8 hours diffuse light daily
- Details on test conditions:
- The test chambers consisted of small-ventilated boxes with a frontal glass plate for observation. Ten bees were placed into each chamber and three chambers were established for each treatment. Food (a sugar/honey solution) was available throughout the 48 hours duration of the test and the bees were monitored for toxic effects after 24 and 48 hours.
The test bees were anaesthetized with CO2 and treated, via topical application to the thorax with 10µL of the test solution or 1µL of the Dimethoate being applied to each bee. After application the bees were allowed free access to food and water for the remaining duration of the test. Cyromazine (2.5, 5.0, 10, 15, 20 mg/mL) was dissolved in methanol before application and the positive dimethoate controls (62.5, 125, 250, 500 µg/mL) were dissolved in acetone before application. Further negative control groups were treated with 1 µL acetone per bee or 10 µL of methanol per bee.
Test cages were disposable cages of cardboard with holes in the bottom for ventilation and a glass plate in front for observation of the bees (dimensions, inside: 80 mm x 45 mm x 65 mm), 10 honeybees per cage, 3 cages per concentration, 30 honeybees per concentration, bees were fed continuously during the test candy (mixture of sugar and honey) and water. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Oral toxicity test
Nominal concentrations (µg/bee): 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280
Dimethoate positive controls (µg/bee): 0.2, 0.24, 0.28, 0.32, 0.36, 0.40
Contact toxicity test
Nominal concentrations (µg/bee): 25, 50, 100, 150, 200
Dimethoate positive controls (µg/bee): 0.0625, 0125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dimethoate
Results and discussion
- Toxic reference:
- Dimethoate
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect conc.:
- 186 µg per animal
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: Oral toxicity test
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect conc.:
- > 200 µg per animal
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: Contact toxicity test
- Details on results:
- No behavioural anomalies were observed
Physical parameters monitored: The test temperature was 26-28°C with 47-48% R H and 8 hours diffuse light daily. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The LD50 for the contact toxicity test of the reference substance Dimethoate product after 24 hours was 0.26 µg/bee, and for 48 hours are 0.25 µg/bee. For the oral toxicity test, the 24 hour LD50 was 0.35 µg/bee and the 48 hour was 0.34 µg/bee.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The determination of the medial lethal dose value (LD50) was carried out by non-linear regression analysis using a special computer programme.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1
Acute contact toxicity of test material on the adult honeybee (Apis Mellifera)
Treatment | Concentration of the test solution (mg/mL) | Dose (µg/bee) | % Mortality after | |
24h | 48 h | |||
Control |
|
| 0 | 0 |
Test material | 2 5 | 25 | 13 3 | 13 3 |
5 0 | 50 | 13 3 | 16 7 | |
10 | 100 | 6 7 | 13 3 | |
15 | 150 | 3 3 | 3 3 | |
20 | 200 | 6 7 | 16 7 | |
Control |
|
| 3 3 | 3 3 |
Dimethoate | 0 625 | 0 0625 | 0 | 0 |
0 125 | 0 125 | 0 | 0 | |
0 250 | 0 25 | 46 7 | 53 3 | |
0 500 | 0 5 | 96 7 | 96 7 | |
| 1 0 | 100 0 | 100 0 |
Table 2
Acute oral toxicity of cyromazine on the adult honeybee (Apis Mellifera)
Treatment | Concentration of the test solution (mg/mL) | Dose (µg/bee) | % Mortality after | |
24h | 48 h | |||
Sucrose solution |
|
| 0 | 0 |
Cyromazine | 4 | 80 | 0 | 0 |
6 | 120 | 10 0 | 10 0 | |
8 | 160 | 23 3 | 23 3 | |
10 | 200 | 56 7 | 60 0 | |
12 | 240 | 86 7 | 86 7 | |
14 | 280 | 90 0 | 90 0 | |
Dimethoate | 0 01 | 0 20 | 6 7 | 6 7 |
0 012 | 0 24 | 0 | 3 3 | |
0 014 | 0 28 | 23 3 | 30 0 | |
0 016 | 0 32 | 36 7 | 36 7 | |
0 018 | 0 36 | 50 0 | 56 7 | |
0 020 | 0 40 | 73 3 | 80 0 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 48-hour LD50 of cyromazine with adult honeybees was determined to be >200 µg/bee when applied topically.
- Executive summary:
Two tests, each with a duration of 48 hours, were conducted to determine the LD50 of the test substance to the honeybee (Apis mellifera) in the oral toxicity test and in the contact toxicrty test. The study was performed according to EPPO Guideline No. 170. Test criteria were mortality and the behaviour of the honeybees in comparison with the control. In the contact toxicity test cyromazine showed only negligible effect on honeybee mortality at dosages up to 200 μg/bee.
The (48-h) in the contact toxicity test was greater than 200 μg/bee the highest concentration tested. The LD50 of the test substance cyromazine in the oral toxicity test was 187μg substance per bee after 24 hours and 186 μg substance per bee after 48 hours. No behavioural anomalies were observed. The LD50 of the reference substance Dimethoate product after 24 hours was 0.26 μg substance per bee in the oral toxicity test and 0.16 μg substance per bee in the contact toxicity test.
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