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EC number: 225-582-5 | CAS number: 4940-11-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 15 January 1993 - 12 February 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Remarks:
- replicates are not given, no CoA, no calculations to verify
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1981
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Adaptations in line with Birch, R. R., & Fletcher, R. J. (1991)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Closed system was used in accordance with the publication of Birch, R. R., & Fletcher, R. J. (1991) The application of dissolved inorganic carbon measurements to the study of aerobic biodegradability. Chemosphere, 23, 855–872.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- CO2 production (Inorganic carbon)
- Details on sampling:
- SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: day 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, and 28
- Sampling method: Carbon dioxide was measured in the head space gas and inorganic carbon was measured in the liquid medium of 1 vessel. On the final test day more than one vessel is analysed for both the test compound and the control. - Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge
- Details on inoculum:
- Secondary effluent from an unacclimatised activated sludge plant at URL North. The inoculum was 10% by volume and was filtered through a Whatman filter paper to remove the coarse particulate matter. The level of dissolved inorganic carbon was reduced by sparging the filtered effluent with nitrogen at pH 6.5.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Test temperature:
- 18 - 21 °C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 9.19 mg/L organic carbon.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Preparation stock solutions:
Stock solutions of the test substances with the exception of benzyl alcohol, were prepared by dissolving an appropriate mass in warm distilled water (approx. 55 °C) After shaking for 3 h in a closed vessel the stock solutions were filtered (Whatman 541 filter) and the total carbon (TC) concentration of the filtrate determined using an Ionics total carbon analyser. Since the test substance is volatile the acidification and sparging step in the analysis were omitted. Therefore, in order to determine the dissolved organic carbon concentration of the stock solutions, a water blank was also analysed by the same procedure to give an estimate of the total inorganic carbon content of the water used to prepare the stock solutions (assuming a minimal DOC content). The DOC concentrations of the stock solutions were determined by subtractions of the water blank value from the TC values of the stock solutions. A 5 mL volume of each test substance stock solution was added to the appropriate test vessels. Benzyl alcohol was added directly using a high precision volumetric syringe. (1.2 μL)
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 160 mL sealed vessels hypovials containing 100 mL mineral salts medium in
oculated with secondary effluent and the respective test or reference substance. Vessels were incubated at 20°C on a rotary shaker.
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 5 vessels per test/reference substance
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: The headspace in each vessel had a volume of 60 mL and when filled with air contains approximately 6 times the mass of oxygen required for the complete oxidation of the substance.
- Measuring equipment: Ionics 555 Inorganic Carbon Analyser
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: yes, sealed with butyl rubber septum and an aluminium crimp seal.
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: day 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, and 28
- Sampling method: Carbon dioxide was measured in the head space gas and inorganic carbon was measured in the liquid medium of 1 vessel. On the final test day more than one vessel is analysed for both the test compound and the control.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
The control vessels are identical to the test vessel except for the omission of the test substance.
STATISTICAL METHODS:
The percentage biodegradation is given by:
(TICt – TICc) /TC * 100%
TICt = μg Total Inorganic Carbon in test bottle
TICc = μg Total Inorganic Carbon in control bottle
TC = μg organic carbon added to test vessel as test compound.
The total inorganic carbon is the summation of the results of the analysis of the liquid and gas phases of each bottle after reference to the appropriate inorganic standard curve. On the final day more than 1 test vessel was analysed for both the test substance and reference substance. In this case the TICc is the arithmetic mean mass of inorganic carbon in the control vessels. The percentage biodegradation is calculated for each individual test vessel and the mean percentage biodegradation and standard deviation are determined and the results are expressed as:
Mean % biodegradation ± (S.t)/√n
S = the standard deviation
t = the ‘t’alue (two tailed test) at n-degrees of freedom at the 0.05 significance level
n = the number of results used to obtain the standard deviation - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- benzyl alcohol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 15.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Details on results:
- The air temperature over the 28 day test period was in the range of 18 - 21 °C.
Benzyl alcohol in combination with the test susbtance achieved 95.8% biodegradation after 28-days and the 60% "pass" level was reached within 10 days of exceeding the 10% level. Biodegradation of Benzyl alcohol was not inhibited, confirming that the microorganisms of the innoculum are not effected by the test substance at a concentrations of 9.19 mg/L Organic carbon. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- n.a.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The microorganisms in the inoculum are not affected by the test substance at a concentration of 9.19 mg/L organic carbon. The NOEC was determined to be 9.19 mg/L based on organic carbon, which would be 15.5 mg/L Ethyl Maltol.
- Executive summary:
A ready biodegradability test was used to address the toxicity of Ethyl Maltol to microorganisms. A CO2 Evolution Test in accordance with OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals 301 B was performed under closed conditions in compliance with GLP. Carbon dioxide was measured in the head space gas and inorganic carbon was measured in the liquid medium on day 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, and 28. Benzyl alcohol was used as a reference substance and achieved 95.8% biodegradation after 28-days. The 60% "pass" level was reached within 10 days of exceeding the 10% level, confirming the suitability of the inoculum and the test conditions. Based on these results it can be concluded that the microorganisms in the inoculum are not affected by the test substance at a concentration of 9.19 mg/L organic carbon. The NOEC was determined to be 9.19 mg/L. Due to the organic carbon content being 59.4% in Ethyl Maltol (as determined in the daphnia study), this would correspond to 15.5 mg/L test substance.
Reference
Description of key information
A ready biodegradability test was used to address the toxicity of Ethyl Maltol to microorganisms. A CO2 Evolution Test in accordance with OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals 301 B was performed under closed conditions in compliance with GLP. Carbon dioxide was measured in the head space gas and inorganic carbon was measured in the liquid medium on day 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, and 28. Benzyl alcohol was used as a reference substance and achieved 95.8% biodegradation after 28-days. The 60% "pass" level was reached within 10 days of exceeding the 10% level, confirming the suitability of the inoculum and the test conditions. Based on these results it can be concluded that the microorganisms in the inoculum are not affected by the test substance at a concentration of 9.19 mg/L organic carbon. The NOEC was determined to be 9.19 mg/L. Due to the organic carbon content being 59.4% in Ethyl Maltol (as determined in the daphnia study), this would correspond to 15.5 mg/L test substance.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 15.5 mg/L
Additional information
In the study the NOEC = 9.19 mg/L was based on organic carbon content, but for the key value in this dossier was recalculated as 15.5 mg Ethyl Maltol/L.
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