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EC number: 626-470-2 | CAS number: 5405-40-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1999-06-09
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: OECD guideline compliant GLP compliant
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 1999
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- as at 1999
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Version / remarks:
- as at 1999
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- DL-alpha-Hydroxy-beta, beta-dimethyly-butyrolacton
- IUPAC Name:
- DL-alpha-Hydroxy-beta, beta-dimethyly-butyrolacton
- Reference substance name:
- DL-Lactone
- IUPAC Name:
- DL-Lactone
- Reference substance name:
- DL-Pantolactone
- IUPAC Name:
- DL-Pantolactone
- Reference substance name:
- RS-Pantolactone
- IUPAC Name:
- RS-Pantolactone
- Reference substance name:
- (±)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- EC Number:
- 201-210-7
- EC Name:
- (±)-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
- Cas Number:
- 79-50-5
- IUPAC Name:
- 3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Ro 01-4479/000
- Physical state: colourless coarse crystals
- Analytical purity: 100 % (anhydrous)
- Purity test date: not reported, but Analysis No.: A981 9037
- Lot/batch No.: 805046
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: May 2002
- Stability under test conditions: It is to be expected that no gross degradation is occuring under the specified storage conditions for a period of a few months or when dissolved in the solvent for the test duration.
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Constituent 4
Constituent 5
Method
- Target gene:
- his G 46: TA1535, TA100
his C 3076: TA1537
his D 3052: TA98
his G 428: TA102
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 extract from phenobarbital/5,6 benzoflavone treated rats
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0, 50, 158.1, 500, 1581, 5000 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: distilled water
Controls
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-Nitrofluorene, ICR 191 , Mitomycin C, Sodium azide, 2-Aminoanthracene, see Tables 3 & 4
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium (exp. 1) as well as preincubation (exp. 2)
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 30 min at 37 °C
- Exposure duration: 2 days
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): 2 days
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): histidine-less Vogel-Bonner minimal agar medium
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: cloning efficiency
OTHER:
Colony counting: electronically using a DOMINO automatic image analysis system (Perceptive Instruments, Haverhill, Suffolk, England) after having inspected the background lawn for signs of toxicity - Evaluation criteria:
- Positive result:
- A reproducible, dose-related increase in the number of his+ revertants.
- The increase should reach at least a doubling of the number of spontaneous revertants for Salmonella fyphimurium strains TA1535 and TA98. For strains TA97, TA100 and TA102 a 1.5 - fold increase over control values might be indicative of a mutagenic effect provided the negative control values fall within the historical control data.
- Biological relevance should always be taken into account.
Negative result:
- Absence of a reproducible increase in the number of his+ revertant colonies. - Statistics:
- not used
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Water solubility: water solubility is high
- Precipitation: no precipitation
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
No toxic effects were apparent by reduction of background growth and by reduction or absence of revertant colonies in a dose range finder assay
with TA100 (see Table 2).
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
Mutant frequencies of the controls were in the range of the historical control values (values provided in the appendix of the study report) - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
- Table 1: Number of cells plated in respective experiment
Exp. No. |
Strain |
Colonies per plate |
Cells plated x 10^6 |
|
1 |
TA1535 |
185 / 211 |
198 |
|
1 |
TA97 |
217 / 205 |
211 |
|
1 |
TA98 |
182 / 212 |
197 |
|
1 |
TA100 |
50 / 30 |
40 |
|
1 |
TA102 |
136 / 204 |
170 |
|
2 |
TA1535 |
105 / 108 |
107 |
|
2 |
TA97 |
130 / 103 |
117 |
|
2 |
TA98 |
205 / 219 |
212 |
|
2 |
TA100 |
67 / 59 |
63 |
|
2 |
TA102 |
124 / 133 |
129 |
- Table 2: Dose range finder assay with TA100
Concen- tration µg/plate |
Precipitation in standard assay |
Precipitation in preincubation assay |
Revertants per plate (two plates average) |
Toxicity on VB plate |
||
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
|||
0 |
- |
- |
141 |
180 |
growth |
growth |
50 |
- |
- |
143 |
148 |
growth |
growth |
158.1 |
- |
- |
133 |
171 |
growth |
growth |
500 |
- |
- |
120 |
156 |
growth |
growth |
1581 |
- |
- |
134 |
154 |
growth |
growth |
5'000 |
- |
- |
118 |
147 |
growth |
growth |
- Table 3: Summary table of experiment 1 (standard test procedure without preincubation)
Strain |
TA1535 |
TA1535 |
TA97 |
TA97 |
TA98 |
TA98 |
TA100 |
TA100 |
TA102 |
TA102 |
Activation |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
Concentration [µg/plate] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
16 ± 4 |
13 ± 5 |
188 ± 4 |
204 ± 4 |
22 ± 5 |
19 ± 3 |
123 ± 8 |
145 ± 35 |
369 ± 19 |
348 ± 22 |
50 |
14 ± 4 |
10 ± 2 |
205 ± 20 |
210 ± 13 |
19 ± 6 |
26 ± 9 |
129 ± 5 |
146 ± 20 |
355 ± 10 |
391 ± 17 |
158.1 |
13 ± 5 |
9 ± 3 |
192 ± 18 |
201 ± 8 |
20 ± 9 |
20 ± 2 |
120 ± 14 |
139 ± 6 |
370 ± 12 |
403 ± 10 |
500 |
16 ± 4 |
11 ± 2 |
212 ± 9 |
226 ± 10 |
18 ± 2 |
22 ± 7 |
123 ± 7 |
132 ± 16 |
362 ± 19 |
354 ± 29 |
1581 |
17 ± 5 |
5 ± 3 |
197 ± 3 |
206 ± 23 |
20 ± 3 |
22 ± 5 |
128 ± 14 |
130 ± 13 |
368 ± 11 |
339 ± 22 |
5000 |
20 ± 2 |
7 ± 6 |
193 ± 9 |
206 ± 6 |
15 ± 1 |
28 ± 5 |
134 ± 7 |
131 ±8 |
359 ± 12 |
340 ± 23 |
Positive controls, Concentration [µg/plate] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2-Nitrofluorene, 0.5 |
|
|
|
|
155 ± 20 |
|
|
|
|
|
ICR 191, 1 |
|
|
954 ± 23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mitomycin C, 0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1327 ± 32 |
|
Sodium azide, 1 |
831 ± 18 |
|
|
|
|
|
530 ± 32 |
|
|
|
2-Aminoanthracene, 4 |
21 ± 2 |
292 ± 21 |
248 ± 19 |
1970 ± 231 |
64 ± 13 |
4077 ± 173 |
192 ± 9 |
3859 ± 165 |
340 ± 2 |
950 ± 23 |
- Table 4: Summary table of experiment 2 (with preincubation)
Strain |
TA1535 |
TA1535 |
TA97 |
TA97 |
TA98 |
TA98 |
TA100 |
TA100 |
TA102 |
TA102 |
Activation |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
-S9 |
+S9 |
Concentration [µg/plate] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
12 ± 5 |
6 ± 2 |
194 ± 14 |
235 ± 6 |
31 ± 5 |
32 ± 3 |
145 ± 12 |
170 ± 16 |
409 ± 5 |
409 ± 38 |
50 |
10 ± 3 |
8 ± 6 |
198 ± 12 |
224 ± 19 |
30 ± 2 |
33 ± 8 |
135 ± 11 |
169 ± 10 |
409 ± 32 |
430 ± 22 |
158.1 |
10 ± 4 |
5 ± 3 |
157 ± 12 |
220 ± 11 |
30 ± 8 |
33 ± 7 |
139 ± 15 |
154 ± 11 |
397 ± 32 |
427 ± 43 |
500 |
11 ± 3 |
7 ± 4 |
176 ± 21 |
237 ± 11 |
35 ± 13 |
37 ± 7 |
139 ± 10 |
158 ± 7 |
415 ± 15 |
478 ± 26 |
1581 |
19 ± 4 |
7 ± 5 |
160 ± 7 |
213 ± 14 |
28 ± 3 |
35 ± 2 |
143 ± 13 |
164 ± 13 |
403 ± 18 |
408 ± 10 |
5000 |
17 ± 6 |
10 ± 4 |
170 ± 10 |
236 ± 31 |
36 ± 6 |
30 ± 4 |
143 ± 15 |
154 ± 13 |
397 ± 10 |
419 ± 14 |
Positive controls, Concentration [µg/plate] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2-Nitrofluorene, 0.5 |
|
|
|
|
264 ± 16 |
|
|
|
|
|
ICR 191, 1 |
|
|
2901 ± 25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mitomycin C, 0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1050 ± 60 |
|
Sodium azide, 1 |
970 ± 54 |
|
|
|
|
|
562 ± 0 |
|
|
|
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with metabolic activation
ambiguous without metabolic activation
The test compound was evaluated for mutagenic activity in the standard plate incorporation and in the preincubation versions of the Ames test according to
OECD 471 using Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102).
The test was negative for all strains up to the limit concentration of 5000 µg/plate with and without activation. - Executive summary:
The test compound was evaluated for mutagenic activity in the standard plate incorporation and in the preincubation versions of the Ames test according to OECD 471 using Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102).
The test was negative for all strains up to the limit concentration of 5000 µg/plate with and without activation.
RS-Pantolactone (named Ro 01-4479/000 in the study report) was evaluated for mutagenic activity in the standard plate incorporation and in the preincubation versions of the Ames test according to OECD 471 using Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA97, TA98, TAl 00, TA102) in presence of an exogenous metabolic activation system (S9).
All strains were exposed up to the limit concentration of 5000 µg/plate without signs of cytotoxicity or precipitation. Distilled water was used as vehicle. The activity of the S9-mix and the responsiveness of the tester strains were verified by including appropriate controls into each experiment.
No increase in the number of revertant colonies was apparent for any of the five tester strains after treatment with the test item.
Thus it can be concluded that neither RS-Pantolactone per se, nor any of the metabolites formed is mutagenic in the Ames test under the described experimental conditions.
By expert judgement it is concluded that L-Pantolactone will get the same results.
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