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EC number: 482-110-2 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- January 7, 2004 to February 10, 2004
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1984
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- OECD GLP
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Collected from the approximate center of the first replicate test vessel at the start of the test and the second replicate vessel at the end of the test.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Water used for the acclimation of test organisms and for all toxicity testing was carbon filtered, deionized water collected at T.R. Wilbury Laboratories in Marblehead, Massachusetts. Water was adjusted to a hardness of 160 to 180 mg/L as CaCO3 and stored in polyethylene tanks where it was aerated and recirculated through particle filters, activated carbon, and an ultraviolet sterilizer. Prior to use, the pH of the dilution water was adjusted to less than 8.0. A sample of dilution water collected at the start of the definitive test had a hardness of 168 mg/L as CaCO3. A 100 mg a.i./L stock solution was prepared (with correction for purity) by bringing 0.3144 g of test substance to 2,000 mL with dilution water in a Class A volumetric flask. This stock solution was mixed, and then used to prepare the test solutions by transferring an appropriate volume of stock solution directly to the test vessels and adjusting the total volume in each vessel to 250 mL with dilution water.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Juvenile daphnids, Daphnia magna, less than 24 hours old, employed as test organisms were from a single source and were identified using an appropriate taxonomic key. They were produced by an in-house culture of adult daphnids that were maintained under test conditions at T.R. Wilbury Laboratories. The original culture was obtained from Aquatic Biosystems Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado. At the conclusion of the test the control daphnids had an average wet weight of 0.3 mg (loading rate during the definitive toxicity test was less than or equal to 40 daphnids per liter).
Prior to testing, the daphnid culture was maintained in 100% dilution water under static-renewal conditions, and the test organisms were not treated for disease. No mortality was observed during the 48 hours prior to the beginning of the test and at the beginning of the test organisms were apparently free of disease, injuries, and abnormalities. The culture used to produce neonates for the definitive toxicity test produced young by day 7 and produced an average of at least 3 young/female/day during the 7 days prior to the start of the test.
During the 7 days prior to the beginning of the test, the temperature of the culture ranged from 20.4 to 20.6°C, the pH ranged from 7.1 to 7.6, and the dissolved oxygen concentration was at least 8.3 mg/L. Test organisms were fed the freshwater algae, Selenastrum capricornutum, and a mixture of yeast and trout chow once each day before the test. Daphnids were not fed during the test. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 168 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 19.0 to 20.1 °C
- pH:
- 7.5 to 7.6
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.5 to 9.3 mg/L
- Conductivity:
- 630 to 690 μmhos/cm (mean = 640 μmhos/cm)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 (control), 13, 22, 36, 60, and 100 mg a.i./L
Measured: ND (none detected; control), 13, 21, 34, 61 and 99 mg a.i./L - Details on test conditions:
- A range-finding test was conducted under static conditions with a control and five concentrations of test substance: 5.0, 10, 50, 100, and 500 mg a.i./L. After 48 hours, there was 100% survival in the control and at 5.0 and 10 mg a.i./L, 50% survival at 50 mg a.i./L, 20% survival at 100 mg a.i./L, and 0% survival at 500 mg a.i./L. A definitive test was initiated, but terminated after 24 hours because one test vessel was accidentally spilled.
The final definitive toxicity test was conducted under static conditions at 20 ± 1°C with five concentrations of test substance (13, 22, 36, 60, and 100 mg a.i./L) and a dilution water control. Twenty daphnids were randomly distributed among two replicates of each treatment. The test was performed in 300-mL glass beakers that contained 250 mL of solution. Test vessels were arranged in an incubator during the test using a random numbers table.
A 16-hour light and 8 hour dark photoperiod was automatically maintained with cool white fluorescent lights that provided a light intensity of approximately 150 footcandles. A 15-minute transition period was provided between dark and light. Aeration was not required to maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations above acceptable levels. The numbers of surviving organisms, the occurrence of immobility and sublethal effects, and the presence of insoluble material were determined visually and recorded after 0, 24, and 48 hours. Dead test organisms were removed when first observed.
Dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, and temperature were measured and recorded in each vessel at the beginning and end of the test. The temperature in a representative vessel was recorded continuously. - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 26 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Mortality/ Immobilization
- Remarks on result:
- other: 21 to 31 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 22 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 18 to 25 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 13 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Mortality/ Immobilization
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- No insoluble material was observed during the definitive toxicity test. Mean measured test concentrations ranged from 94 to 102% of nominal concentrations and they were stable throughout this static exposure. All results were based on mean measured test concentrations. One hundred percent survival and no sublethal effects were observed in the control.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- NA
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Results of the toxicity test were interpreted by standard statistical techniques. The 24-hour LC50 and EC50 values could not be calculated because more than 50% of the daphnids were alive and unaffected at all tested concentrations. The 48-hour LC50 and EC50 values were calculated using the probit method (the slope of the concentration-response curve was calculated using the probit method). The no observed effect concentration was defined as the highest tested concentration of test substance that did not cause toxicant-related mortality or sublethal effects.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, exposure of daphnids to the test material resulted in a 48-hour LC50 value of 26 mg a.i./L (95 % confidence interval = 21 to 31 mg a.i./L) and a 48-hour EC50 value of 22 mg a.i./L (95 % confidence interval = 18 to 25 mg a.i./L).
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the test material to the daphnid, Daphnia magna, was investigated in accordance to the standardised guidelines OECD 202, under GLP conditions.
The test was performed under static conditions with a control and five concentrations of test material at a temperature of 20 ± 1 °C. The dilution water was deionized water and was adjusted to a hardness of 160 to 180 mg/L as CaCO3 and a pH less than 8.0. Nominal concentrations of the active ingredient were: 0 mg/L (control), 13, 22, 36, 60, and 100 mg/L. Mean measured concentrations were: ND (none detected; control), 13, 21, 34, 61, and 99 mg/L. No insoluble material was observed during the definitive toxicity test. Mean measured concentrations were used for all toxicity determinations.
Organisms used in the test were less than 24 hours old. They were obtained from an in-house culture that was acclimated to test conditions. All animals were in good condition at the beginning of the toxicity test.
Under the conditions of this study, exposure of daphnids to the test material resulted in a 48-hour LC50 value of 26 mg a.i./L (95 % confidence interval = 21 to 31 mg a.i./L) and a 48-hour EC50 value of 22 mg a.i./L (95 % confidence interval = 18 to 25 mg a.i./L).
Reference
Measured concentrations of the test substance during the toxicity test with the daphnid, Daphnia magna
Nominal Concentration of the Test Substance |
Measured Concentration of the Test Substance (mg a.i./L) |
|||
0 Hour |
48 Hours |
Mean |
% Recovery |
|
Test Media Samples |
||||
Control |
ND |
ND |
ND |
--- |
13 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
100 |
22 |
20 |
21 |
21 |
95 |
36 |
34 |
34 |
34 |
94 |
60 |
60 |
62 |
61 |
102 |
100 |
100 |
98 |
99 |
99 |
Matrix Spike Samples |
||||
36 |
36 |
36 |
36 |
100 |
36 |
39 |
|||
36 |
35 |
|||
Blank |
||||
0 |
ND |
--- |
ND |
--- |
ND: none detected at or above the limit of quantitation. |
Survival and sublethal effect data from the toxicity test with the test substance and the daphnid, Daphnia magna.
Mean Measured Concentration of the Test Substance (mg a.i./L) |
R |
Number Alive |
Number Affected1 |
||||
0 hr |
24 hr |
48 hr |
0 hr |
24 hr |
48 hr |
||
Control |
1 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
13 |
1 |
10 |
10 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
21 |
1 |
10 |
10 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
10 |
10 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
34 |
1 |
10 |
9 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
10 |
10 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
|
61 |
1 |
10 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-- |
2 |
10 |
6 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
99 |
1 |
10 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-- |
2 |
10 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
-- |
R: Replicate
1 Affected daphnids were immobilized
Description of key information
Ward, Wyskiell, Boeri (2003)
Under the conditions of this study, exposure of daphnids to the test material resulted in a 48-hour LC50 value of 26 mg a.i./L (95 % confidence interval = 21 to 31 mg a.i./L) and a 48-hour EC50 value of 22 mg a.i./L (95 % confidence interval = 18 to 25 mg a.i./L).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 22 mg/L
Additional information
Ward, Wyskiell, Boeri (2003)
The acute toxicity of the test material to the daphnid, Daphnia magna, was investigated in accordance to the standardised guidelines OECD 202, under GLP conditions. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
The test was performed under static conditions with a control and five concentrations of test material at a temperature of 20 ± 1 °C. The dilution water was deionized water and was adjusted to a hardness of 160 to 180 mg/L as CaCO3 and a pH less than 8.0. Nominal concentrations of the active ingredient were: 0 mg/L (control), 13, 22, 36, 60, and 100 mg/L. Mean measured concentrations were: ND (none detected; control), 13, 21, 34, 61, and 99 mg/L. No insoluble material was observed during the definitive toxicity test. Mean measured concentrations were used for all toxicity determinations.
Organisms used in the test were less than 24 hours old. They were obtained from an in-house culture that was acclimated to test conditions. All animals were in good condition at the beginning of the toxicity test.
Under the conditions of this study, exposure of daphnids to the test material resulted in a 48-hour LC50 value of 26 mg a.i./L (95 % confidence interval = 21 to 31 mg a.i./L) and a 48-hour EC50 value of 22 mg a.i./L (95 % confidence interval = 18 to 25 mg a.i./L).
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