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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 28.03.2019 - 24.06.2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- water
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
A saturated solution with a nominal loading of 100 mg test item/L was prepared once 24 ± 1 hour prior to the start of the exposure. An appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out. The test
item was applied onto a glass slide. The glass slide with the test item was inserted into a brown glass bottle with an appropriate amount of dilution water. The saturated solution was
stirred for 24 ± 1 hours (1100 rpm, room temperature) with a magnetic stirrer. After a separation phase of 1 hour the saturated solution was removed by siphoning from the middle of the flask.
Undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter 0.45 μm, RC, Macherey-Nagel). The filter was saturated in order to avoid adsorption during the filtration. The first 25 mL of the filtrate were discarded. The filtration was interrupted for 15 minutes to allow adsorption and saturation of the filter material with dissolved test item. Thereafter, the filtration was continued. The next 25 mL were discarded. The following test item solution was used in the test. During filtration, the filter was always kept covered. The saturated solution was checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item. The Tyndall effect was slightly positive. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Test organism: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata HINDÁK CCAP 278/4 (axenic)
Origin: Sammlung von Algenkulturen (SAG), Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 32 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 21.0-23.0 °C
- pH:
- 7.92 - 9.48
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The geometric mean measured test item concentrations were calculated to: 5.42 - 17.9 - 56.6 - 176 - 406 μg/L
nominal: 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- The study was performed as a static test in open vessels under culture conditions. The flasks contained 100 mL either reconstituted water or test medium (test item group).
The duration of exposure was 72 hours. The algal biomass in each flask was determined daily during the exposure period via Chlorophyll a-fluorescence.
Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and at the end of the incubation period was carried out. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 81.4 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: 70.6 - 108 µg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 48.5 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD: 39.5 - 55.3 µg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5.42 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The toxicity of potassium dichromate to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined over a period of 72 hours from 2019-03-05 to 2019-03-08. The reference item toxicity is in the valid range following test facility SOPs.
ErC50 = 0.752 mg/L, EyC50 = 0.405 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC50-values for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were 81.4 (70.6 - 108) μg/L and 37.1 (27.2 – 49.6) μg/L, respectively.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 72-h EC50 for growth rate was determined to be 81.4 µg/L and the 72-h EC10 value was determined to be 48.5 µg/L based on growth rate.
- Executive summary:
The information for this endpoint study record was obtained from an experimental study. The OECD GLP criteria were met and the methods applied are fully compliant with OECD TG 201.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 5416 cells/mL.
A saturated solution with a nominal loading of 100 mg test item/L was prepared once at room temperature 24 ± 1 hour prior to the start of the exposure. An appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out. The test item was applied onto a glass slide. The glass slide with the test item was inserted into a glass bottle with an appropriate amount of dilution water. The saturated solution was stirred for 24 ± 1 hour (1100 rpm, room temperature) with a magnetic stirrer. After a separation phase of 1 hour (at room temperature), the saturated solution was removed by siphoning (from the approximate middle of the glass flask) and used in the test. The saturated solution was checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item. The Tyndall effect was slightly positive.
Five test item concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 2: 6.25 - 12.5 - 25.0 - 50.0 - 100 % of the saturated solution, corresponding to the geometric mean measured test item concentration of 5.42 – 17.9 – 56.6 – 176 – 406 µg/L. Three replicates were tested for each test item concentration and six replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.
The 72-h EC50 for growth rate was determined to be 81.4 µg/L and the 72-h EC10 value was determined to be 48.5 µg/L based on growth rate.
Reference
1) Cell Densities
Geometric mean measured test item concentration |
Replicate |
Cell density [cells/mL] |
|||
[µg/L] |
No. |
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
406 |
1 |
5416 |
5922 |
3965 |
2989 |
2 |
5416 |
5010 |
4686 |
2960 |
|
3 |
5416 |
7704 |
5241 |
2663 |
|
Mean |
5416 |
6212 |
4631 |
2871 |
|
176 |
1 |
5416 |
7950 |
5143 |
2775 |
2 |
5416 |
6750 |
5810 |
3892 |
|
3 |
5416 |
10574 |
8218 |
8130 |
|
Mean |
5416 |
8425 |
6390 |
4932 |
|
56.6 |
1 |
5416 |
14427 |
73953 |
408228 |
2 |
5416 |
17620 |
136487 |
969509 |
|
3 |
5416 |
16259 |
133118 |
839338 |
|
Mean |
5416 |
16102 |
114519 |
739025 |
|
17.9 |
1 |
5416 |
24379 |
199859 |
1306861 |
2 |
5416 |
12319 |
186666 |
1148262 |
|
3 |
5416 |
20193 |
195020 |
1483764 |
|
Mean |
5416 |
18964 |
193848 |
1312962 |
|
5.42 |
1 |
5416 |
21605 |
231121 |
1727213 |
2 |
5416 |
24688 |
263649 |
1899930 |
|
3 |
5416 |
22038 |
226662 |
1876855 |
|
Mean |
5416 |
22777 |
240477 |
1834666 |
|
Control |
1 |
5416 |
25217 |
232133 |
2093043 |
2 |
5416 |
23540 |
242580 |
1970029 |
|
3 |
5416 |
23953 |
272771 |
1941113 |
|
4 |
5416 |
25540 |
274612 |
1876904 |
|
5 |
5416 |
21544 |
212535 |
1664805 |
|
6 |
5416 |
20081 |
194143 |
1491943 |
|
Mean |
5416 |
23313 |
238129 |
1839640 |
2) Evaluation after 72 hours
Statistically significant differences of growth rates and
yield compared to control values are marked (+), not significant
differences are marked (-).
Geometric mean measured test item concentration |
Replicate |
Growth rate |
Inhibition of growth rate |
Yield |
Inhibition of yield |
||
[µg/L] |
No. |
[d-1] |
[%] |
[cells/mL] |
[%] |
||
406 |
1 |
|
-0.198 |
100 |
|
-2427 |
100 |
2 |
|
-0.201 |
100 |
|
-2456 |
100 |
|
3 |
|
-0.237 |
100 |
|
-2753 |
100 |
|
Mean |
(+) |
-0.212 |
100 |
(+) |
-2545 |
100 |
|
176 |
1 |
|
-0.223 |
100 |
|
-2641 |
100 |
2 |
|
-0.110 |
100 |
|
-1524 |
100 |
|
3 |
|
0.135 |
93 |
|
2714 |
100 |
|
Mean |
(+) |
-0.066 |
98 |
(+) |
-484 |
100 |
|
56.6 |
1 |
|
1.44 |
26 |
|
402812 |
78 |
2 |
|
1.73 |
11 |
|
964093 |
47 |
|
3 |
|
1.68 |
13 |
|
833922 |
55 |
|
Mean |
(+) |
1.62 |
17 |
(+) |
733609 |
60 |
|
17.9 |
1 |
|
1.83 |
6 |
|
1301445 |
29 |
2 |
|
1.79 |
8 |
|
1142846 |
38 |
|
3 |
|
1.87 |
4 |
|
1478348 |
19 |
|
Mean |
(+) |
1.83 |
6 |
(+) |
1307546 |
29 |
|
5.42 |
1 |
|
1.92 |
1 |
|
1721797 |
6 |
2 |
|
1.95 |
-1 |
|
1894514 |
-3 |
|
3 |
|
1.95 |
0 |
|
1871439 |
-2 |
|
Mean |
(-) |
1.94 |
0 |
(-) |
1829250 |
0 |
|
Control |
1 |
|
1.99 |
|
|
2087627 |
|
2 |
|
1.97 |
|
|
1964613 |
|
|
3 |
|
1.96 |
|
|
1935697 |
|
|
4 |
|
1.95 |
|
|
1871488 |
|
|
5 |
|
1.91 |
|
|
1659389 |
|
|
6 |
|
1.87 |
|
|
1486527 |
|
|
Mean |
|
1.94 |
|
|
1834224 |
|
3) Section-by-Section and Average Specific Growth Rates of the Control Group (0 - 72 hours)
|
Replicate No. |
Specific growth rate [d-1] |
Mean (0 - 72 hours) |
SD ± |
CV |
Mean CV [%] |
||
section-by-section |
||||||||
0 - 24 hours |
24 - 48 hours |
48 - 72 hours |
||||||
Control |
1 |
1.54 |
2.22 |
2.20 |
1.99 |
0.388 |
19.5 |
23.2 |
2 |
1.47 |
2.33 |
2.09 |
1.97 |
0.446 |
22.7 |
||
3 |
1.49 |
2.43 |
1.96 |
1.96 |
0.473 |
24.1 |
||
4 |
1.55 |
2.38 |
1.92 |
1.95 |
0.413 |
21.2 |
||
5 |
1.38 |
2.29 |
2.06 |
1.91 |
0.472 |
24.7 |
||
6 |
1.31 |
2.27 |
2.04 |
1.87 |
0.500 |
26.7 |
||
|
|
|
Mean |
1.94 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
SD ± |
0.04 |
|
|||
|
|
|
CV [%] |
2.15 |
|
4) Environmental Conditions
Geometric mean measured test item concentration |
pH-values |
|||
[µg/L] |
Start; 0 hours |
End; 72 hours |
||
406 |
8.10 |
7.92 |
||
176 |
8.01 |
8.07 |
||
56.6 |
8.02 |
8.55 |
||
17.9 |
8.01 |
9.39 |
||
5.42 |
8.04 |
9.48 |
||
Control |
8.11 |
9.47 |
||
Room temperature [°C]: |
min.: 21.0 |
max.: 23.0 |
mean value: 22.0 |
|
Light intensity |
n = 24 |
mean value: 5499 range of the measured values: 4751 to 6050 equalling -13.6 to 10.0% |
CV [%]: 6.01 |
5) Measured Concentration of
the test material in the Definitive Test with Algae
Sampling date |
Fresh Media, |
Old Media, |
|
|
Dilution level of the saturated Solution [%] |
Test item |
|
||
Meas. conc. [µg/L] |
Meas. conc. [µg/L] |
% |
Geometric mean measured concentration [µg/L] |
|
100 |
485 |
341 |
70 |
406 |
50.0 |
253 |
122 |
48 |
176 |
25.0 |
132 |
24.3 |
18 |
56.6 |
12.5 |
60.6 |
5.30 |
9 |
17.9 |
6.25 |
27.9 |
1.05 |
4 |
5.42 |
Control |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
|
Description of key information
The 72-h EC50 for growth rate was determined to be 81.4 µg/L and the 72-h EC10 value was determined to be 48.5 µg/L based on growth rate.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 81.4 µg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 48.5 µg/L
Additional information
The information for this endpoint study record was obtained from an experimental study. The OECD GLP criteria were met and the methods applied are fully compliant with OECD TG 201.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 5416 cells/mL.
A saturated solution with a nominal loading of 100 mg test item/L was prepared once at room temperature 24 ± 1 hour prior to the start of the exposure. An appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out. The test item was applied onto a glass slide. The glass slide with the test item was inserted into a glass bottle with an appropriate amount of dilution water. The saturated solution was stirred for 24 ± 1 hour (1100 rpm, room temperature) with a magnetic stirrer. After a separation phase of 1 hour (at room temperature), the saturated solution was removed by siphoning (from the approximate middle of the glass flask) and used in the test. The saturated solution was checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item. The Tyndall effect was slightly positive.
Five test item concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 2: 6.25 - 12.5 - 25.0 - 50.0 - 100 % of the saturated solution, corresponding to the geometric mean measured test item concentration of 5.42 – 17.9 – 56.6 – 176 – 406 µg/L. Three replicates were tested for each test item concentration and six replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.
The 72-h EC50 for growth rate was determined to be 81.4 µg/L and the 72-h EC10 value was determined to be 48.5 µg/L based on growth rate.
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