Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 226-552-4 | CAS number: 5423-23-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
please refer also to Read Across Statement attached in Section 13
1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
In this read-across approach data on guanidinium phosphate (CAS 5423-22-3, EC 226-551-9) is used to fill data gaps for bisguanidinium phosphate (CAS 5423-23-4, EC 226-552-4), in accordance with Regulation No 1907/2006 (REACH), Annex XI. The basis for this read-across is the “Read-Across Assessment Framework” (RAAF) (ECHA 2017). The read-across hypothesis for the analogue approach is that both salts bisguanidinium phosphate and guanidinium phosphate result in the identical cat- and anion in a water based environment and have consequently similar (eco)toxicological and fate properties. According to the RAAF this approach is covered by scenario 2: “Different compounds have the same type of effect(s)”.
“This scenario covers the analogue approach for which the read-across hypothesis is based on different compounds with qualitatively similar properties. For the REACH information requirement under consideration, the property investigated in a study conducted with one source substance is used to predict properties that would be observed in a study with the target substance if it were to be conducted. Qualitatively similar properties or absence of effect are predicted. The predicted property may be similar or based on a worst-case approach” (ECHA 2017).
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
In this read-across approach data on guanidinium phosphate (CAS 5423-22-3, EC 226-551-9) is used to fill data gaps for bisguanidinium phosphate (CAS 5423-23-4, EC 226-552-4).
The target substance bisguanidinium phosphate and the source substance guanidinium phosphate are phosphate salts of the base guanidine.
With a pKb of 0.4, guanidine is a strong base. Therefore, in neutral water guanidine occurs fully protonated as its conjugate acid guanidinium cation. Most guanidine derivatives are in fact salts containing guanidinium cation as the conjugate acid. The source and the target substances are phosphate salts of guanidine consisting of guanidinium cation as conjugate acid and phosphate anion as conjugate base. The relation between guanidinium cation and the phosphate anion is 2:1 in the target substance and 1:1 in the source substance. As a consequence, the conjugate base in the target substance is a hydrogenphosphate (HPO4), whereas in the source substance it is a dihydrogenphosphate (H2PO4).
3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
Based on the structural similarity, the similarity in physical chemical properties and the QSAR predicted similarity in the (eco)toxicological profile, the read-across approach is justified. Thus, the available studies for the source substance guanidinium phosphate were used to fill data gaps for bisguanidinium phosphate for several environmental and toxicological endpoints. Since phosphates are endogenous compounds occurring in nature in considerable amounts, the guanidinium ions are considered to trigger the (eco)toxicity of bisguanidinium phosphate. To account for the higher guanidine content in the target substance bisguanidinium phosphate (2:1) when compared to the source substance guanidinium phosphate (1:1), the hazard values found for the source substance in experimental studies were calculated for the target substance (please refer to 'Any other information on results').
The source substance guanidinium phosphate was tested in a growth inhibition study in algae according to OECD 201 and GLP. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was exposed to guanidinium phosphate under static conditions at the following nominal concentrations (final test): 0 (blank control), 10, 22, 46, 100 and 220 mg/L. The test substance significantly reduced growth rate at 22 mg/L and higher. The EC50 (72 h) for growth rate reduction was 110 mg/L and the NOEC (72 h) for growth rate reduction was 10 mg/L based on analytically confirmed nominal concentrations. The study is considered to be reliable without restrictions. Considering the guanidinium content, these values correspond to an EC50 of 75.69 mg/L, an EC10 of 11.01 mg/L and a NOEC of 6.88 mg/L for the target substance bisguanidinium phosphate (please refer to 'Any other information on results').
4. DATA MATRIX
The data matrix is included in the Read Across Statement attached in Section 13 - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- assessment report
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 75.69 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: value calculated for bisguanidine phosphate
- Remarks:
- for details on the calculation please refer to 'Any other information on results'
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 11.01 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: value calculated for bisguanidine phosphate
- Remarks:
- for details on the calculation please refer to 'Any other information on results'
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.88 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: value calculated for bisguanidine phosphate
- Remarks:
- for details on the calculation please refer to 'Any other information on results'
- Details on results:
- - Final test
Measured concentrations: actual concentrations were in agreement with nominal and remained stable during the test period (93-113%). Given this result the effect parameters were based on the nominal test concentrations.
Biological results: growth rate was in the range of the control at 10 mg/L during the 72-hour test period, whereas the growth rate of algae exposed to 22 mg/L and higher were increasingly reduced. Statistically significant reduction of growth rate was found at test concentrations of 22 mg/L and higher. Inhibition of yield increased with increasing concentration of Guanidine phosphate (1:1) from 10 mg/L upwards resulting in >90% inhibition at and above 100 mg/L. Statistically significant inhibition of yield was found at test concentrations of 22 mg/L and higher.
Microscopic observations at the end of the test revealed a normal and healthy appearance of the exposed cells when compared to the control.
Acceptability of the test:
1. In the control, cell density increased by an average factor of >16 within two days.
2. The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates in the control cultures did not exceed 35%.
3. The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures did not exceed 7%. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Potassium dichromate: The EC50 for growth rate reduction (ErC50: 0-72h) was 1.1 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 0.71 to 1.6 mg/L)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present study with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, guanidine phosphate (1:1) reduced growth rate of this fresh water algae species significantly at 22 mg/L and higher. The EC50 for growth rate reduction (72h-ErC50) was 110 mg/L. The 72h-NOEC for growth rate reduction was 10 mg/L. Considering the guanidinium content, for the target substance bisguanidinium phosphate, these values correspond to an EC50 of 75.69 mg/L, an EC10 of 11.01 mg/L and a NOEC of 6.88 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
In a 72-h toxicity study conducted according to OECD guideline 201, microalgae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) were exposed to guanidine phosphate (1:1) under static conditions at the following nominal concentrations (final test): 0 (blank control), 10, 22, 46, 100 and 220 mg/L. The test substance significantly reduced growth rate at 22 mg/L and higher. The 72-h EC50 for growth rate reduction was 110 mg/L (corresponding to 36 mg guanidine/L) and the 72h-NOEC for growth rate reduction was 10 mg/L (corresponding to 3.3 mg guanidine/L) based on analytically confirmed nominal concentrations. The study is considered to be reliable without restrictions. Considering the guanidinium content, for the target substance bisguanidinium phosphate, these values correspond to an EC50 of 75.69 mg/L, an EC10 of 11.01 mg/L and a NOEC of 6.88 mg/L.
Reference
calculation of hazard values for bisguanidine phosphate
Guanidinium content in guanidinium phosphate
MW (guanidinium phosphate) = 157.04 g/mol
MW (guanidinium ion) = 60.07 g/mol
proportion of guanidinium ion in guanidinium phosphate = MW (guanidinium ion) / MW (guanidinium phosphate) = 60.07 / 157.04 = 0.38
Guanidinium content in bisguanidinium phosphate
MW (bisguanidinium phosphate) = 216.11 g/mol
MW (guanidinium ion) = 60.07 g/mol
proportion of guanidinium ion in bisguanidinium phosphate = 2 * MW (guanidinium ion) / MW (bisguanidinium phosphate) = 2 * 60.07 / 216.11 = 0.56
EC50 (guanidinium phosphate) = 110 mg/L
EC50 (guanidinium ion) = EC50 (guanidinium phosphate) * 0.38 = 42.08 mg/L
EC50 (bisguanidinium phosphate) = 42.08 mg/L / 0.56 = 75.69 mg/L
EC10 (guanidinium phosphate) = 16 mg/L
EC10 (guanidinium ion) = EC10 (guanidinium phosphate) * 0.38 = 6.12 mg/L
EC10 (bisguanidinium phosphate) = 6.12 mg/L / 0.56 = 11.01 mg/L
NOEC (guanidinium phosphate) = 10 mg/L
NOEC (guanidinium ion) = NOEC (guanidinium phosphate) * 0.38 = 3.83 mg/L
NOEC (bisguanidinium phosphate) = 3.83 mg/L / 0.56 = 6.88 mg/L
Description of key information
Read across: OECD 201, GLP, P. subcapitata, EC50 (72 h) = 75.69 mg/L, EC10 (72 h) = 11.01 mg/L, NOEC = 6.88 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 75.69 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 11.01 mg/L
Additional information
The source substance guanidinium phosphate was tested in a growth inhibition study in algae according to OECD 201 and GLP. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was exposed to guanidinium phosphate under static conditions at the following nominal concentrations (final test): 0 (blank control), 10, 22, 46, 100 and 220 mg/L. The test substance significantly reduced growth rate at 22 mg/L and higher. The EC50 (72 h) for growth rate reduction was 110 mg/L and the NOEC (72 h) for growth rate reduction was 10 mg/L based on analytically confirmed nominal concentrations. The study is considered to be reliable without restrictions. Considering the guanidinium content, these values correspond to an EC50 of 75.69 mg/L, an EC10 of 11.01 mg/L and a NOEC of 6.88 mg/L for the target substance bisguanidinium phosphate.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.