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EC number: 832-253-5 | CAS number: 12165-18-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 3 December 2007 - 19 December 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Triplicate samples were taken from each treatment (control and loading rate 100 mg/L) before the start of the test and at the end of the test after 48 hours.
- Sampling method: no data
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Immediately after sampling, the samples were acidified with 10% (v/v) nitric acid (HNO3, 65% Suprapur, Merck) to stabilise the samples during the storage period. Then, the samples were stored at room temperature in the dark. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method:
The test material is a sparingly soluble substance. In order to assess its toxicity, a saturated solution was prepared and tested. The test method was based on the OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures. The test medium with a loading rate of 100 mg/L was prepared just before introduction of the daphnids (i.e., start of the test) as follows:
A dispersion of the test material was prepared in the test water by mixing 200.2 mg of test material into 2000 mL of test water using ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes and intense stirring. No auxiliary solvent or emulsifier was used.
The dispersion was stirred by a magnetic stirrer at room temperature in the dark for 24 hours. Then, stirring was stopped and after another 24 hours the non-dissolved test material had completely settled down on the bottom of the stirring vessel. The clear equilibrated supernatant was carefully separated from the non-dissolved test material and was used as test medium. The stirring and settling periods were chosen according to the results of pre-experiments (non-GLP). In this pre-experiment, the maximum concentration of dissolved test material was reached after a stirring period of 24 hours. The deposition time of one day was necessary to allow a maximum amount of the test material to deposit.
- Controls: blank (test water without addition of the test material)
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): yes, on the bottom of the stirring vessel, but not in the final test solution - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain: defined by the supplier as clone 5
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): the organisms used in the test were 6 - 24 hours old and were not first brood progeny
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): no data
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): no data
- Method of breeding: in reconstituted water of the quality identical to the water quality used in the tests (in respect to pH, main ions, and total hardness) and under temperature and light conditions identical to those of the tests
- Feeding during test : no
- Source: Originally supplied by the University of Sheffield, UK in 1992. Since that time, the clone has been bred at the laboratory.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- 2.5 mmol/L (= 250 mg/L as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20°C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.5 - 8.8 mg/L
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal loading rate: 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed to reduce the loss of water by evaporation and to avoid the entry of dust into the solution
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: The test was performed in 100 mL glass beakers filled with 50 mL of test medium. The test vessels were covered with glass plates to reduce the loss of water by evaporation and to avoid the entry of dust into the solutions.
- Aeration: The test water was aerated prior to the start of the study until oxygen saturation was reached, but was not aerated during the test period.
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): none (static test)
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): no renewal (static test)
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: 10 mL test medium per daphnia
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted test water: analytical grade salts dissolved in purified water
- Alkalinity: 0.8 mmol/L
- Ca/mg ratio: 4:1 (based on molarity)
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: At the start and at the end of the test, the pH values, the dissolved oxygen concentrations and the water temperature were determined at each test concentration and in the control. The appearance of the test media was visually recorded at the start of the test and after 24 and 48 hours.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: A 16-hour light to 8-hour dark cycle with a 30 minute transition period was used.
- Light intensity: between approximately 490 and 650 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
The daphnids were observed for immobility after 24 and 48 hours of exposure (daphnids not being able to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test beaker were considered to be immobilised).
The NOELR and EL0 were determined directly from the raw data.
The EL50 and the EL100 could not be determined due to the absence of a toxic effect of the test item in this test.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: not relevant (limit test)
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations of the range finding study: no data
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no mortality at the undiluted loading rate - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- APPEARANCE OF THE TEST MEDIUM:
No remarkable observations were made concerning the appearance of the test medium. The test medium was a clear solution throughout the whole test duration.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS:
In the analysed test medium samples from the start of the test, the measured praseodymium concentration was 0.13 mg/L. During the test period of 48 hours, the praseodymium concentration decreased to 0.039 mg/L. The mean measured praseodymium concentration (calculated as geometric mean between the measurement at test start and test end) was 0.070 mg/L, corresponding to a test material concentration of 0.085 mg/L. The solubility limit reached during this test was thus different from that obtained during the water solubility test (see IUCLID section 4.8). Such contrasting results could be explained by the different water media used in the water solubility test and ecotoxicological studies (media containing analytical grade salts). - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Mortality: no data
- EC50 48h: 0.53 mg/L (acceptance range: 0.53 - 1.1 mg/L) (potassium dichromate) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- None as no adverse effect was observed
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test material had no acute toxic effects on Daphnia magna up to its solubility limit in the test water at the loading rate of 100 mg/L under the conditions of the test. The 48 hour EL50 and NOELR were thus > 100 mg/L and ≥ 100 mg/L, respectively.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- Read across from studies performed with the oxides of the substance, i.e. praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide. The read across justification document is attached to IUCLID Section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Initially, this substance was considered as a reaction mass and named "reaction mass of praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide".
But after discussion with ECHA, it was stipulated that it is a substance and we had to change the name to "Dipraseodymium dizirconium heptaoxide.
So, in the different endpoints with studies, the sustance named "reaction mass of praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide" corresponds to the substance Dipraseodymium dizirconium heptaoxide. They are the same, the analytical dossier did not changed. - Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Based on data available for its constituents, the substance dipraseodymium dizirconium heptaoxide is concluded not to be acutely toxic or harmful to aquatic invertebrates.
- Remarks:
- Since its constituents praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide did not cause any adverse effects in daphnids at a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L in acute toxicity studies, the substance composed with these 2 oxides would not be able to cause adverse effects in such study either at a similar nominal loading rate. Therefore, the results obtained with praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide are considered relevant for this substance as well.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- from 08 AUG 1994 to 18 OCT 1994
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- The study was conducted according to the EU method C.2 and was GLP-compliant. However, no analytics were performed.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Stock solutions were prepared by dissolving 100 mg of substance in 1000 g of test medium. The flasks were magnetically stirred for 24h at 30°C, then for 24h at 20°C and finally centrifugated at circa 9000 g for 20 min. The extracted solution was then used as test solution. The concentration of this test solution was expressed in percentage of dilution of the extracted solution. Here, only the undiluted extracted solution was tested (concentration = 100%)
- Controls: yes, test water without test item
- Evidence of undissolved material: no data - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain: Daphnia magna strauss 1820
- Source: IRCHA-INERIS (Daphnia breeding in Décines Rhône-Poulenc laboratory)
- Age at study initiation: no data
- Weight at study initiation: no data
- Length at study initiation: 560 µm- Method of breeding: no data
- Feeding during test: no data - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- 20.1-20.4°C
- pH:
- 8.4
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 92-96%
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 100 mg/L (nominal loading rate)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL glass beaker
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL filled with 40 g of solution
- Aeration: The test medium was aerated with compressed air before the start of the test
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 1 daphnia per 2 g of tested solution
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: bidistillated water
- Total organic carbon: no data
- Particulate matter: no data
- Metals: no data
- Pesticides: no data
- Chlorine: no data
- Alkalinity: NaHCO3: 0.2 g/L
- Ca/mg ratio: CaCl2.2H2O: 0.297 g/L; MgCl2.6H2O: 0.167 g/L
- other: K2SO4: 0.026 g/L
- Conductivity: 0.90 µS/cm (of the bidistillated water)
- Culture medium different from test medium: no data
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The concentration of dissolved oxygen and the pH were measured after 48 h in each test flask
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: exposure in the dark
- Light intensity: no
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): The measured effect is the mortality of the daphnids estimated through their immobilisation after 24 and 48 hours of exposure
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: not applicable (limit test)
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: not applicable (limit test)
- Range finding study : no - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7).
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % saturated solution (initial loading rate = 100 mg/L)
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- No further details given on the study results.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The 24-h EC50 for potassium dichromate was 1.4 ppm (w/w) (1.3-1.5 ppm (w/w)).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not necessary as no adverse effect was observed.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Zirconium dioxide had no acute effect on Daphnia magna at an initial loading rate of 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of zirconium dioxide to Daphnia magna was studied under static conditions according to EU method C.2. Daphnids were exposed to control and test chemical at an initial loading rate of 100 mg/L for 48 hours. Mortality and immobilization were observed after 24 and 48 hours.
No significant immobilization was observed with the loading rate of 100 mg/L. The 48-h NOEC and 48-h EC50 were thus superior to this value.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1 Summary of the Effect of the Test Material on the Mobility of Daphnia magna
Loading Rate (mg/L) |
Mean Measured Test Material Concentration (mg/L) |
No. of Daphnids Tested |
Immobilised Daphnids After 24 Hours
|
Immobilised Daphnids After 48 Hours |
||
No. |
% |
No. |
% |
|||
Control |
- |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
0.085 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Effect of Zirconium dioxide on the Mobility of Daphnia magna:
Treatment (Loading rate)
|
No. of daphnids tested |
Immobilized daphnids after 24 hours No. % |
Immobilized daphnids after 48 hours No. % |
||
Control |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 mg/L |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 mg/L |
20 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
Description of key information
There is no experimental data available on the effects of the substance dipraseodymium dizirconium heptaoxide to aquatic invertebrates. However, based on the observation that its constituents praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide did not cause any adverse effects in acute toxicity studies with Daphnia magna at a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L, it can be concluded that the substance is not capable of causing acute adverse effects in daphnids either in a similar study at a similar nominal loading rate. Therefore, the substance can be concluded not to be harmful or toxic to aquatic invertebrates either.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
1. Information on praseodymium(III,IV) oxide
Under the conditions of a guideline study (Bätscher, 2008; Klimisch 1), praseodymium(III,IV) oxide did not cause any acute toxic effects on Daphnia magna up to its solubility limit in the test water at a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L. The 48-h EL50 and NOELR were thus > 100 mg/L and ≥ 100 mg/L, respectively. The mean measured concentration of the test item in the solution was determined to be 0.085 mg/L (i.e. equivalent to 0.070 mg Pr/L).
2. Information on zirconium dioxide
The acute toxicity of zirconium dioxide to Daphnia magna was studied under static conditions in a guideline study (Bazin, 1994; Klimisch 2) in which daphnids were exposed to control and test chemical at an initial loading rate of 100 mg/L for 48 hours. Mortality and immobilisation were observed after 24 and 48 hours. No significant immobilisation was observed at the nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L. The 48-h NOEC and 48-h EC50 were thus superior to this value. Results of this study are considered reliable with restrictions because no measurements were performed of dissolved zirconium. However, considering the water solubility of zirconium dioxide, which is extremely low, as well as the complexation behaviour of zirconium in environmentally relevant media, it is highly unlikely that any measurable dissolved zirconium would have been present during the test.
3. Conclusion on the substance dipraseodymium dizirconium heptaoxide
Based on the results of the two studies mentioned above in which the constituents of the substance, namely praseodymium(III,IV) oxide and zirconium dioxide, were tested, it can be concluded that the substance dipraseodymium dizirconium heptaoxide is not capable of causing acute adverse effects in daphnids either in a similar study at a similar nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L.
Information:
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