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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-09-07 to 2017-10-05
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted July 17, 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- May 30, 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: sewage treatment plant Bensheim, Germany
- Pretreatment: The aerobic activated sludge used for this study was sedimented for 30 minutes, washed by centrifugation and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. The solid material was re-suspended in test water and centrifuged again. This procedure was done three times. An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined. Based on this ratio, calculated aliquots of washed sludge suspension, corresponding to 3.5 g dry material per litre were mixed with test water and aerated overnight. This suspension was used for the experiment.
- Concentration of sludge: 3.5 g dry material per litre
- Water filtered: pure water was used for preparation of reconstituted test water - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 102.8 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Reconstituted Test Water was prepared as follows: Analytical grade salts were added to pure water to prepare the following stock solutions: a) 8.5 g KH2PO4, 21.75 g K2HPO4, 33.4 g Na2HPO4 x 2 H2O, 0.5 g NH4Cl filled up with pure water to 1000 mL volume; The pH-value was 7.4.; b) 11.25 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O filled up with pure water to 500 mL volume; c) 18.2 g CaCl2 x 2 H2O filled up with pure water to 500 mL volume; d) 0.125 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O filled up with pure water to 500 mL volume. In order to avoid precipitation of iron hydroxide in the stock solution d), one drop of concentrated HCl per litre was added before storage. 50 mL of stock solution a) and 5 mL of the stock solutions b) to d) were combined and filled up to a final volume of 5000 mL with pure water.
- Solubilising agent: not used
- Test temperature: 22 +/-1 °C
- pH: 7.6 (start), 7.5 - 7.6 (end)
- pH adjusted: no
- Continuous darkness: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: ManometricTest System with test flasks containing a volume of approximately 500 mL.; BSB/BOD-Sensor-System, Aqualytic Dortmund, Germany
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: not specified
- Method used to create anaerobic conditions: not applicable
- Measuring equipment: The change of pressure in the test flasks was measured by means of a manometric method (BSB/BOD-Sensor-System, Aqualytic Dortmund, Germany) each day.
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: closed vessel was used due to measuring
- Test performed in open system: no
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics: Potassium hydroxide olution(45 %) was used for trapping the produced carbon dioxide.
SAMPLING
No sampling was performed. The amount of O2 consumed by the activated sludge was calculated from the decrease of pressure in the reaction vessel measured every day.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes, 2 flasks, with 28.7 mg sludge/L
- Abiotic sterile control: yes, 1 flask, using test item (24.9 mg) and 5 mL CuSO4
- Toxicity control: yes, 1 flask, using test item (25.1 mg) and reference item (25.2 mg), with 28.7 mg sludge/L
STATISTICAL METHODS: not applicable - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 1
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- The mean biodegradation of the test item at test end after 28 days was 1 % (ThOD-NH4).
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 80 % after 14 days and to 83 % after 28 days of incubation. The percentage biodegradation of the reference item confirms the suitability of the used aerobic activated sludge inoculum.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test item is considered to be not readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The test item was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a manometric respirometry test according to OECD TG 301F over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. The test was conducted at 22 °C ± 1 °C in darkness. As a reference item sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item and functioned as a procedure control. The reference item loading rate was 101.2 mg/L corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 168.6 mg/L (ThODNH4). The test item loading rate (initial concentration in medium C0) was 102.8 mg/L corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 253.2 mg/L (ThODNH4). The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 80 % after 14 days and to 83 % after 28 days of incubation, thus confirming the suitability of the aerobic activated sludge inoculum used. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate, 32 % biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 33 % biodegradation after 28 days of incubation. According to the test guidelines, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory to the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was >25 % within 14 days. The test item did not reach a mean biodegradation of 10 % during the incubation time of 28 days. The mean biodegradation at test end after 28 days was 1 % (ThODNH4). Therefore, the test item is considered to be not readily biodegradable based on ThODNH4.
Reference
Description of key information
The test item is considered to be not readily biodegradable (reference 5.2.1-1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- not biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The test item was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a manometric respirometry test according to OECD TG 301F over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. The test was conducted at 22 °C ± 1 °C in darkness. As a reference item sodium benzoate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item and functioned as a procedure control. The reference item loading rate was 101.2 mg/L corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 168.6 mg/L (ThODNH4). The test item loading rate (initial concentration in medium C0) was 102.8 mg/L corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 253.2 mg/L (ThODNH4). The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 80 % after 14 days and to 83 % after 28 days of incubation, thus confirming the suitability of the aerobic activated sludge inoculum used. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate, 32 % biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 33 % biodegradation after 28 days of incubation. According to the test guidelines, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory to the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was >25 % within 14 days. The test item did not reach a mean biodegradation of 10 % during the incubation time of 28 days. The mean biodegradation at test end after 28 days was 1 % (ThODNH4). Therefore, the test item is considered to be not readily biodegradable based on ThODNH4.
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