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EC number: 203-028-3 | CAS number: 102-40-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Experimental Starting Date: August 20, 2018 and Experimental Completion Date: September 21, 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 A (Ready Biodegradability: DOC Die Away Test)
- Version / remarks:
- OECD No. 301 A (1992)
Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008, C.4-A (2008)
OPPTS 835.3110, Paragraph (l) (1998) - Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2'-[1,3-phenylenebis(oxy)]bisethanol
- EC Number:
- 203-028-3
- EC Name:
- 2,2'-[1,3-phenylenebis(oxy)]bisethanol
- Cas Number:
- 102-40-9
- Molecular formula:
- C10H14O4
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2'-[1,3-phenylenebis(oxy)]bisethanol
- Test material form:
- other: crystal powder
- Details on test material:
- - Synonym (Trade Name): ADDITIVE® 9735
- CAS Number: 102-40-9
- Molecular Formula: C10H14O4
- Molecular Weight: 198 g/mol
- Appearance: White crystal powder
- Expiration date: 30 August 2019
- Purity: 100%
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: 17083101
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: August 30, 2019
- Purity: 100 %
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature, at 20 ± 5 °C. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): from the aeration stage of the local wastewater treatment plant, ARA Birs (Birsfelden / Switzerland), which treats predominantly domestic sewage. No pre-adaptation of the inoculum to the test item was done.
- Preparation of Inoculum for exposure: The aerobic activated sewage sludge was washed three times by centrifugation, decantation of the supernatant liquid phase and resuspension of the solid material in tap water and finally in mineral medium. Aliquots of the homogenized final sludge suspension were weighed, thereafter dried and the dry weight of the suspended solids was determined.
- Concentration of sludge: a calculated amount of wet sludge was suspended in mineral medium to obtain a concentration equivalent to 4 g dry material per liter. During the holding period of one day prior to use, the sludge was aerated at room temperature. Defined amounts of the activated sludge suspension were added to mineral medium to obtain a final concentration of 30 mg dry material per liter.
- Water filtered: no - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- 28.6 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Mineral medium
KH2PO4: 8.50 g/L
K2HPO4: 21.75 g/L
Na2HPO4 × 2H2O: 33.40 g/L
NH4Cl: 0.50 g/L
The pH of this solution was 7.4.
CaCl2 × 2H2O: 36.40 g/L
MgSO4 × 7H2O: 22.50 g/L
FeCl3 × 6H2O: 0.25 g/L, stabilized with one drop of concentrated HCl per liter.
To obtain 1 L of the final mineral medium, 10 mL of stock solution No. 1 and 1 mL each of stock solutions Nos. 2, 3 and 4 were added to approximately 800 mL ultrapure water, mixed and made up to 1000 mL with ultrapure water.
- Test temperature: The test was conducted at 22 °C. The incubator temperature was recorded continuously.
- pH: The pH was adjusted from 7.8 to 7.4 with a diluted hydrochloric acid solution.
- pH adjusted: yes, from 7.8 to 7.4 with a diluted hydrochloric acid solution.
- Light conditions: The test vessels were incubated in diffuse light.
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 2000 mL Erlenmeyer glass vessels, cleaned with HCl, rinsed with ultrapure water and dried. The test vessels were filled to a volume of 1000 mL. The test vessels were labeled with the study number and all necessary information to ensure unique identification.
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: test vessels were incubated in an incubator (i.e. Multitron Pro from Infors AG, Bottmingen, Switzerland) with automatic temperature control and equipped with an orbital platform shaker, at approximately 130 rpm to prevent settlement of the inoculum and to maintain aerobic conditions.
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Measuring equipment: DOC analyses were performed using a TOC infrared gas analyzer equipped with an automatic sampler (i.e. vario TOC cube from Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Langenselbold, Germany).
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: Each vessel was loosely covered with an aluminum cap to reduce losses by evaporation.
- Test performed in open system: no
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: For the DOC analyses one sample of about 10-12 mL was taken from each sampled test vessel per sampling occassion. Prior to sampling, water evaporation losses were determined by weighing the vessels and were compensated by adding purified water. Deposits on the test vessels were resuspended. Sampling dates:
*Test item and inoculum control: Exposure Day 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 18, 21 and 28
*Procedure control: Exposure Day 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28
*Toxicity control: Exposure Day 0, 7, 14 and 28
Sample method: Samples were filtered through a 0.45 µm filter. The first 2-3 mL of the filtrate were discarded. Thereafter, the filtrates were immediately analyzed for DOC. The filtrates of the samples taken at the Day 14 were stored frozen (-20±5 °C) for five days, since immediate analysis was not possible. After this storage period the filtrates were thawed at room temperature and analyzed as above described.
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- other: sodium benzoate
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- n/a
- Test performance:
- The results are considered to be valid since the following criteria are met:
- The percentage degradation of the reference item reached with 92 % by Exposure Day 3 the pass level for ready biodegradability (criterion: at least 70 % in a 10-day window by Day 14).
- Since the test item was not degraded, the validity criterion regarding thedifference between the DOC removal values of the replicate test item vessels isnot applicable.
- The test item is considered to be non-inhibitory, since the toxicity control attained 52 % degradation by Day 14 (criterion: 35% degradation by Day 14).
% Degradation
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 9
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- Biodegradation of the Test Item
In the test vessels containing the test item HER (Resorcinol bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl) ether, 2-[3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenoxy]ethanol) in inoculated mineral medium the mean concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) varied between 24.7 and 29.0 mg/L over the exposure period of 28 days and thus was not significantly different from the initial mean DOC concentration of 28.6 mg/L measured on Day 0. Expressed as percentage DOC removal, mean values in the range from -1.4 to 14 % were noted. By the end of the test (Exposure Day 28), average biodegradation was 9 %.
Biodegradation in the Toxicity Control
In the toxicity control, containing both HER (Resorcinol bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl) ether, 2-[3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenoxy]ethanol) (corresponding to 50.8 % of total DOC) and the reference item sodium benzoate (corresponding to 49.2 % of total DOC) in inoculated mineral medium, the initial DOC concentration of 57.5 mg/L measured on Day 0 decreased to 27.9 mg/L on Day 14. Biodegradation amounted to 52 % within 14 days of exposure. By the end of the test (Exposure Day 28), average biodegradation was 55 %.
Thus, according to the test guidelines, the test item HER (Resorcinol bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl) ether, 2-[3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenoxy]ethanol) was not inhibitory to activated sludge at the tested concentration of 50 mg/L because degradation was >35 % within 14 days.
Measurement of pH and Dissolved Oxygen Concentration
All vessels started the test with a pH of 7.4. At the end of exposure (Day 28), pH values of 7.1 – 7.4 were measured.
The dissolved oxygen concentration was found to be in the range of 8.6 – 8.7 for all vessels at test start. At the end of exposure (Day 28), values of 8.4 – 8.5 mg O2/L were measured.
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- In the procedure controls, average biodegradation of the reference item sodium benzoate was 92 and 98 % by Exposure Day 3 and 14, respectively, thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge (≥70 % degradation by Exposure Day 14). By the end of the test (Exposure Day 28), average biodegradation was 98 %.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Concentration Measured in the Test Vessels
|
DOC[mg/L]1 |
|||||||||
|
Test Item |
Procedure Control |
Inoculum |
Toxicity |
||||||
Time |
Replicate No. |
Replicate No. |
Replicate No. |
Replicate No. |
||||||
[Days] |
1 |
2 |
Mean2 |
1 |
2 |
Mean2 |
1 |
2 |
Mean |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
29.1 |
30.0 |
28.6 |
30.5 |
29.9 |
29.3 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
57.5 |
3 |
29.1 |
29.7 |
28.8 |
3.4 |
2.8 |
2.5 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
-- |
5 |
28.7 |
29.3 |
28.3 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
-- |
7 |
27.9 |
28.4 |
26.8 |
2.6 |
1.1 |
0.5 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
26.9 |
10 |
28.5 |
28.7 |
27.5 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1.5 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
-- |
12 |
25.4 |
26.1 |
24.7 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
-- |
14 |
28.4 |
28.7 |
27.8 |
1.7 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
27.9 |
18 |
29.4 |
29.8 |
29.0 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
-- |
21 |
26.6 |
27.4 |
26.3 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
-- |
28 |
26.7 |
27.2 |
26.2 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
26.2 |
1Mean values of at least duplicate measurements per sample
2Values corrected for the mean inoculum control
--Not determined
Biodegradation of the Test Item
|
Percentage Biodegradation1 |
||||||
Time [Days] |
Test Item |
Reference Item |
Toxicity Control |
||||
|
Replicate No. |
Replicate No. |
Replicate No. |
||||
|
1 |
2 |
Mean |
1 |
2 |
Mean |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
-1 |
0 |
-1 |
91 |
92 |
92 |
-- |
5 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
7 |
6 |
7 |
6 |
96 |
101 |
98 |
53 |
10 |
3 |
5 |
4 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
12 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
14 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
97 |
99 |
98 |
52 |
18 |
-2 |
0 |
-1 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
21 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
28 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
97 |
99 |
98 |
54 |
1Corrected for the inoculum control
--Not determined
pH and Dissolved Oxygen Concentration of the Test Solutions at the Start and End of the Test
Replicate No. |
Identification |
pH |
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration |
||
Start |
End |
Start |
End |
||
1 |
Test item |
7.4 |
7.1 |
8.7 |
8.4 |
2 |
Test item |
7.4 |
7.1 |
8.7 |
8.4 |
1 |
Procedure control |
7.4 |
7.4 |
8.7 |
8.4 |
2 |
Procedure control |
7.4 |
7.4 |
8.7 |
8.4 |
1 |
Inoculum control |
7.4 |
7.2 |
8.7 |
8.5 |
2 |
Inoculum control |
7.4 |
7.2 |
8.6 |
8.5 |
1 |
Toxicity control |
7.4 |
7.2 |
8.7 |
8.5 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test item was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a 28-Day DOC Die-Away Test according to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 301 A (1992), the Method C.4-A of Commission Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 and the US EPA OPPTS 835.3110 Ready Biodegradability, Paragraph (l) (1998). The test item was found to be not readily biodegradable after 28 days of exposure to activated sludge under the conditions of the conducted DOC Die-Away Test.
- Executive summary:
The test item was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a 28‑Day DOC Die-Away Test according to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 301 A (1992), theMethod C.4-A of Commission Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 and the US EPA OPPTS 835.3110 Ready Biodegradability, Paragraph (l) (1998).
In the test vessels containing the test item in inoculated mineral mediumthe mean concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) varied between 24.7 and 29.0 mg/L over the exposure period of 28 days and thus was not significantly different from the initial mean DOC concentration of 28.6 mg/L measured on Day 0. Expressed as percentage DOC removal, mean values in the range from -1.4 to 14 % were noted.By the end of the test (Exposure Day 28), average biodegradation was 9 %.
Consequently, the test item was not biodegradable under the test conditions within 28 days.
In the toxicity control, containing both test item and the reference item sodium benzoate,the initial DOC decreased by 52 % within 14 days of exposure. Thus, the test item had no inhibitory effect on the activity of activated sludge microorganisms at the tested concentration of 50 mg/L.
In the procedure controls, average biodegradation of the reference item sodium benzoate was 92 and 98 % by Exposure Day 3 and 14, respectively, thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge (≥70 % degradation by Exposure Day 14). By the end of the test (Exposure Day 28), average biodegradation was 98 %.
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